Vaccine Types

Dai, Xiaohu; Xiong, Yongmin; Li, Na; Jian, Can

doi:10.5772/intechopen.84626

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Due to the relative simplicity of the inactivated vaccine production and the possibility of rapid deployment of mass production and appropriate adjustment of the technological process (for example, changes in a virus strain), this technology is still widely used [ 47 , 48 ]. At the same time, the production of inactivated vaccines requires thorough batch control, since an impairment of inactivation can lead to a massive wave of infection [ 48 ]. Another significant disadvantage of inactivated vaccines may be the relatively low immunogenicity compared to that of mRNA or vector vaccines.…”

Section: Vaccines Containing Inactivated Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms

Kudlаy

Svistunov

2022

Bioengineering

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Vaccination is one of the key strategies to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. This review aims to evaluate the current state of vaccine development and to determine the issues that merit additional research. We conducted a literature review of the development of COVID-19 vaccines, their effectiveness, and their use in special patient groups. To date, 140 vaccines are in clinical development. Vector, RNA, subunit, and inactivated vaccines, as well as DNA vaccines, have been approved for human use. Vector vaccines have been well studied prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, their long-term efficacy and approaches to scaling up their production remain questionable. The main challenge for RNA vaccines is to improve their stability during production, storage, and transportation. For inactivated vaccines, the key issue is to improve their immunogenicity and effectiveness. To date, it has been shown that the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines directly correlates with their clinical efficacy. In view of the constant mutation, the emerging new SARS-CoV-2 variants have been shown to be able to partially escape post-vaccination immune response; however, most vaccines remain sufficiently effective regardless of the variant of the virus. One of the promising strategies to improve the effectiveness of vaccination, which is being studied, is the use of different platforms within a single vaccination course. Despite significant progress in the development and study of COVID-19 vaccines, there are many issues that require further research.

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Section: Vaccines Containing Inactivated Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms

Kudlаy

Svistunov

2022

Bioengineering

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“…The common replicative types of viral vectors are measles virus (MV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and adenovirus (Ad-V) [ 137 ]. Pertussis, Hepatitis B, and HPV are examples of other vaccines developed comes under this category [ 138 ].…”

Section: Vaccine Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms

Aileni

Rohela

Jogam

et al. 2022

Cells

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The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause for the ongoing global public health emergency. It is more commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); the pandemic threat continues to spread aroundthe world with the fluctuating emergence of its new variants. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to serious acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has led to a high human mortality rate and disruption of socioeconomic well-being. For the restoration of pre-pandemic normalcy, the international scientific community has been conducting research on a war footing to limit extremely pathogenic COVID-19 through diagnosis, treatment, and immunization. Since the first report of COVID-19 viral infection, an array of laboratory-based and point-of-care (POC) approaches have emerged for diagnosing and understanding its status of outbreak. The RT-PCR-based viral nucleic acid test (NAT) is one of the rapidly developed and most used COVID-19 detection approaches. Notably, the current forbidding status of COVID-19 requires the development of safe, targeted vaccines/vaccine injections (shots) that can reduce its associated morbidity and mortality. Massive and accelerated vaccination campaigns would be the most effective and ultimate hope to end the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak, emerging biotechnologies and their multidisciplinary approaches have accelerated the understanding of molecular details as well as the development of a wide range of diagnostics and potential vaccine candidates, which are indispensable to combating the highly contagious COVID-19. Several vaccine candidates have completed phase III clinical studies and are reported to be effective in immunizing against COVID-19 after their rollout via emergency use authorization (EUA). However, optimizing the type of vaccine candidates and its route of delivery that works best to control viral spread is crucial to face the threatening variants expected to emerge over time. In conclusion, the insights of this review would facilitate the development of more likely diagnostics and ideal vaccines for the global control of COVID-19.

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“…Because of this very background, live vaccines are very strong and known to ignite long-time immunity; literally, they are the best to prevent infectious diseases in the history of medicine. Majority of well-known veterinary vaccines including Anthrax, Rabies, Newcastle and Lumpy Skin Disease vaccines are known to mimic immunity for a year, years or even for life [7][8][9]. However, they are not without risk.…”

Section: Liquid and Cakementioning

confidence: 99%

Veterinary vaccine development: The helical project

Dereja¹

2020

Insights Vet Sci

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Vaccine production process have been fuzzy journey to the public and, in some degrees, to those in the setting. By clearly showing the lengthy and challenging journey of vaccine development process, thereby suggesting the economic and health implication of improper use of veterinary vaccines, the paper tries to add the attention given to infection prevention. Starting from the foundations, the types and requirements of veterinary vaccines are described. The paper concludes with current research and regulatory quos in the topic.

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Vaccine Types

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms

COVID-19 Vaccines: An Overview of Different Platforms

Biotechnological Perspectives to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Precise Diagnostics and Inevitable Vaccine Paradigms

Veterinary vaccine development: The helical project

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