Vaccine value profile for leishmaniasis

Kaye, Paul M.; Matlashewski, Greg; Mohan, Sakshi; Le Rutte, Epke; Mondal, Dinesh; Khamesipour, Ali; Malvolti, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.057

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…During the last few years, a myriad of potential Leishmania vaccine candidates have been put forth, spanning various types such as live organisms, attenuated strains, genetically engineered parasites, inactivated forms, and subunit or fusion proteins. However, most of them have been evaluated in preclinical phases and shown immunogenicity in animal models [reviewed in ( 8 , 9 )] and only a limited number of candidates have a clear and timely path toward evaluation in clinical trials (Nateghi Rostami, et al., under review) ( 10 ). ChAd63-KH is a replication defective simian adenoviral vaccine expressing a synthetic gene (KH) and encoding two Leishmania proteins kinetoplastid membrane protein 11 (KMP-11) and hydrophilic acylated surface protein B (HASPB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory T cells: promising biomarkers for evaluating protection and vaccine efficacy against leishmaniasis

Nateghi-Rostami,

Sohrabi

2024

Front. Immunol.

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Understanding the immune response to Leishmania infection and identifying biomarkers that correlate with protection are crucial for developing effective vaccines. One intriguing aspect of Leishmania infection is the persistence of parasites, even after apparent lesion healing. Various host cells, including dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and Langerhans cells, may serve as safe sites for latent infection. Memory T cells, especially tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), play a crucial role in concomitant immunity against cutaneous Leishmania infections. These TRM cells are long-lasting and can protect against reinfection in the absence of persistent parasites. CD4+ TRM cells, in particular, have been implicated in protection against Leishmania infections. These cells are characterized by their ability to reside in the skin and rapidly respond to secondary infections by producing cytokines such as IFN-γ, which activates macrophages to kill parasites. The induction of CD4+ TRM cells has shown promise in experimental immunization, leading to protection against Leishmania challenge infections. Identifying biomarkers of protection is a critical step in vaccine development and CD4+ TRM cells hold potential as biomarkers, as their presence and functions may correlate with protection. While recent studies have shown that Leishmania-specific memory CD4+ T-cell subsets are present in individuals with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis, further studies are needed to characterize CD4+ TRM cell populations. Overall, this review highlights the importance of memory T cells, particularly skin-resident CD4+ TRM cells, as promising targets for developing effective vaccines against leishmaniasis and as biomarkers of immune protection to assess the efficacy of candidate vaccines against human leishmaniasis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory T cells: promising biomarkers for evaluating protection and vaccine efficacy against leishmaniasis

Nateghi-Rostami,

Sohrabi

2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…Another key instrument that WHO uses to assess the value of vaccines is the Vaccine Value Profile (VVP), which identifies research gaps that need to be addressed for an FVVA. VVPs have been published for a range of vaccines [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Full Value of Vaccine Assessments Concept—Current Opportunities and Recommendations

White,

Menzies,

Portnoy

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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For vaccine development and adoption decisions, the ‘Full Value of Vaccine Assessment’ (FVVA) framework has been proposed by the WHO to expand the range of evidence available to support the prioritization of candidate vaccines for investment and eventual uptake by low- and middle-income countries. Recent applications of the FVVA framework have already shown benefits. Building on the success of these applications, we see important new opportunities to maximize the future utility of FVVAs to country and global stakeholders and provide a proof-of-concept for analyses in other areas of disease control and prevention. These opportunities include the following: (1) FVVA producers should aim to create evidence that explicitly meets the needs of multiple key FVVA consumers, (2) the WHO and other key stakeholders should develop standardized methodologies for FVVAs, as well as guidance for how different stakeholders can explicitly reflect their values within the FVVA framework, and (3) the WHO should convene experts to further develop and prioritize the research agenda for outcomes and benefits relevant to the FVVA and elucidate methodological approaches and opportunities for standardization not only for less well-established benefits, but also for any relevant research gaps. We encourage FVVA stakeholders to engage with these opportunities.

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