Vaccines against extraintestinal pathogenic
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            (ExPEC): progress and challenges

Qiu, Ling; Chirman, Dylan; Clark, Justin R.; Xing, Yikun; Hernandez Santos, Haroldo; Vaughan, Ellen E.; Maresso, Anthony W.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2359691

Cited by 3 publications

References 172 publications

(289 reference statements)

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Group 2 and 3 ABC-transporter dependant capsular K-loci contribute significantly to variation in the invasive potential ofEscherichia coli

Gladstone,

Pesonen,

Pöntinen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The major opportunistic pathogen Escherichia coli is the largest cause of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) associated infections and deaths globally. Considerable antigenic diversity has been documented in Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Still, the need for systematic genomic surveys of asymptomatic colonisation and invasive disease has precluded the quantification of K-type invasive potential across different ExPEC lineages. We assembled and curated an in-silico capsular typing database for group 2 and group 3 K-loci from >20,000 genomes and applied it to paired carriage and disease cohorts to investigate K-type epidemiology. The most virulent circulating capsules have estimated odds ratios of >10 for being found in bloodstream infections versus carriage. The invasive potential differed markedly between lineages, and subclades of the global multi-drug resistant ST131, which displayed limited O and H antigens but substantial K-type diversity. We also discovered that insertion sequence elements contribute to the evolutionary dynamics of group 2 and group 3 K-loci by importing new capsular genes. Furthermore, the level of capsule diversity was positively correlated with more recombinogenic lineages that could adapt their antigenic repertoire faster. Our investigation highlights several K-types and lineages that contribute disproportionately to invasive ExPEC disease, which are associated with high levels of AMR. These results have significant translational potential, including improved ExPEC diagnostics, personalised therapy options, and the ability to build predictive regional risk maps by combining genomic surveys with demographic and patient frailty data.

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Group 2 and 3 ABC-transporter dependant capsular K-loci contribute significantly to variation in the invasive potential ofEscherichia coli

Gladstone,

Pesonen,

Pöntinen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control

Khairullah,

Afnani,

Riwu

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis in poultry; this type of bacteria is an extraintestinal pathogen E. coli. Unlike other E. coli pathogen groups, the characteristics of APECs cannot be identified by a single group. Serotyping and biotyping are frequently performed for isolates found in colibacillosis infections. The establishment, transmission, and persistence of this pathogenic strain in chicken populations are determined by the intricate interactions of multiple elements that make up the epidemiology of APEC. APEC employs many virulence and pathogenesis factors or mechanisms to infect chickens with colibacillosis. These factors include invasives, protectins, adhesins, iron acquisition, and toxins. In addition, the pathogenicity of APEC strains can be evaluated in 2–4 week-old chicks. The impact of unfavorable environmental conditions has also been documented, despite direct contact being demonstrated to be a significant element in transmission in APEC. Chickens are immunized against colibacillosis using a variety of vaccines. Nevertheless, commercially available vaccinations do not offer sufficient immunity to protect birds from APEC strains. Hatching egg contamination is one of the main ways that APECs spread throughout chicken flocks. Farmers also need to be mindful of storing discarded materials near the manure-watering area, removing them when necessary, and replacing wet materials with dry materials when needed. This review aimed to explain the characteristics, epidemiology, virulence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control of APEC. Keywords: avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, colibacillosis, Escherichia coli, poultry, public health.

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Response of Escherichia coli to Acid Stress: Mechanisms and Applications—A Narrative Review

Li,

Huang,

2024

Microorganisms

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Change in pH in growth conditions is the primary stress for most neutralophilic bacteria, including model microorganism Escherichia coli. However, different survival capacities under acid stress in different bacteria are ubiquitous. Research on different acid-tolerance mechanisms in microorganisms is important for the field of combating harmful gut bacteria and promoting fermentation performance of industrial strains. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a narrative review of acid-stress response mechanism of E. coli discovered so far, including six AR systems, cell membrane protection, and macromolecular repair. In addition, the application of acid-tolerant E. coli in industry was illustrated, such as production of industrial organic acid and developing bioprocessing for industrial wastes. Identifying these aspects will open the opportunity for discussing development aspects for subsequent research of acid-tolerant mechanisms and application in E. coli.

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Vaccines against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC): progress and challenges

Cited by 3 publications

References 172 publications

Group 2 and 3 ABC-transporter dependant capsular K-loci contribute significantly to variation in the invasive potential ofEscherichia coli

Group 2 and 3 ABC-transporter dependant capsular K-loci contribute significantly to variation in the invasive potential ofEscherichia coli

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: Epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis, diagnosis, pathophysiology, transmission, vaccination, and control

Response of Escherichia coli to Acid Stress: Mechanisms and Applications—A Narrative Review

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