Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children

Demicheli, Vittorio; Rivetti, Alessandro; Debalini, Maria Grazia; Pietrantonj, Carlo Di

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub3

Cited by 198 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…17 Vaccine effectiveness of Jeryl-Lynn containing MMR in children and adolescents was estimated as 64-66% for one vaccine dose and 83-88% for 2 doses. 18 Declining immunity over time may contribute to mumps outbreaks in previously vaccinated population groups. 19 We report inverse association of both mumps complications and hospitalization with number of previous MMR vaccine doses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a large mumps outbreak: Clinical severity, complications and association with vaccination status of mumps outbreak cases

Stein‐Zamir

Schroeder

Shoob

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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In recent years, large mumps outbreaks, involving mainly adolescents and young adults, have re-emerged in several countries. We investigated a large mumps outbreak, evaluated the association between mumps clinical severity (complications, hospitalization) and vaccination status (number of previous measles, mumps and rubella -MMR vaccine doses), and assessed vaccine effectiveness. The first mumps cases emerged in an ultra-orthodox boys' school in Jerusalem and were epidemiologically linked to the mumps outbreak in New York. Overall, 3130 mumps cases were notified in the Jerusalem district during September 2009-August 2011 (median age 13y, 64% males). Most cases were reported from community clinics. Patients with systemic symptoms and/or complications (419, 13.4%) were either hospitalized (n D 79) or treated in an emergency medical center (n D 340). The main complications included orchitis (3.8% males> age 12y) and meningoencephalitis (0.5%). The mumps virus genotype was G5. The distribution of previous MMR vaccine doses (n D 0,1,2) was: 24.8%, 28.3% and 46.9%, respectively. The number of previous vaccine doses was inversely associated with clinical severity. Adjusted values for MMR vaccine effectiveness against complications were estimated as 52.1% (95% CI ¡4 ¡78%) for one vaccine dose and 62.7% (95% CI 25.7-81.3%) for 2 doses. The outbreak was characterized by predominance of male students; the majority of whom had been previously vaccinated. The reported complication rate was relatively low. Vaccination status was associated with age and disease severity. The combination of limited mumps vaccine effectiveness and the specific school setting (dense learning and living conditions) probably contributed to the disease spread.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a large mumps outbreak: Clinical severity, complications and association with vaccination status of mumps outbreak cases

Stein‐Zamir

Schroeder

Shoob

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Vaccination against measles is regarded as a safe and cost-effective strategy to prevent measles-related morbidity and deaths. One dose of age-appropriately administered measles-containing vaccine is considered to be 95% effective in preventing clinical measles, and 92% effective in preventing secondary cases among household contacts (Demicheli et al 2011). Globally, immunization is estimated to have helped prevent nearly 7.5 million measles-related deaths over the period 1999-2005(Wolfson et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differentials in the timing of measles vaccination in rural India

Rammohan¹,

Awofeso²,

Iqbal³

2014

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDMeasles is a highly contagious but vaccine-preventable disease. Gender differences in measles vaccination outcomes have been widely reported in India. OBJECTIVEAn overlooked factor is whether female children are less likely to be vaccinated ageappropriately. METHODSIn this paper we use data from the nationally representative 2008 District Level Household Survey (DLHS) to analyse if there are any gender differences in the propensity to vaccinate a child for measles, and, among the vaccinated sample, whether there are any gender differences in the probability of age-appropriate measles vaccination. RESULTSOur analysis confirms that girls have both a significantly lower probability of being vaccinated and of being vaccinated age-appropriately.

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“…Demicheli et al (2012) published a Cochrane Review on the efficacy and ''adverse effects'' of the combined measlesmumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) that is administered to young children around the world. This review is particularly worth study because of its relevance to an ongoing public health controversy, over whether parents should agree to vaccination of their children and (in the US) over whether they should even have the choice of refusing vaccination.…”

Section: Representing Arguments Warranted By Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with any other inference rule, an invented warrant may also have its record of success and failure as part of its backing. Demicheli et al (2012) Note that none of the backing elements, nor the inference rule itself, are explicitly mentioned in any of the presentations of the argument that ''There is no evidence linking MMR to autism.'' All of this is communicated by identifying the work as a Cochrane Review.…”

Section: Representing Arguments Warranted By Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To answer this question requires going to the expert source, in this case, to the Cochrane Review itself. The review (Demicheli et al 2012) did in fact look at 54 studies, but these 54 studies are divided among several different analyses involving a variety of adverse effects (some having to do with autism, some with other conditions). As already mentioned in Sect.…”

Section: Representing Arguments Warranted By Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cochrane Review as a “Warranting Device” for Reasoning About Health

Jackson

Schneider

2017

Argumentation

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Contemporary reasoning about health is infused with the work products of experts, and expert reasoning about health itself is an active site for invention and design. Building on Toulmin's largely undeveloped ideas on field-dependence, we argue that expert fields can develop new inference rules that, together with the backing they require, become accepted ways of drawing and defending conclusions. The new inference rules themselves function as warrants, and we introduce the term ''warranting device'' to refer to an assembly of the rule plus whatever material, procedural, and institutional resources are required to assure its dependability. We present a case study on the Cochrane Review, a new method for synthesizing evidence across large numbers of scientific studies. After reviewing the evolution and current structure of the device, we discuss the distinctive kinds of critical questions that may be raised around Cochrane Reviews, both within the expert field and beyond. Although Toulmin's theory of field-dependence is often criticized for its relativism, we find that, as a matter of practical fact, field-specific warrants do not enjoy immunity from external critique. On the contrary, they can be opened to evaluation and critique from any interested perspective.

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Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children

Abstract: The design and reporting of safety outcomes in MMR vaccine studies, both pre- and post-marketing, are largely inadequate. The evidence of adverse events following immunisation with the MMR vaccine cannot be separated from its role in preventing the target diseases.

Cited by 198 publications

References 195 publications

Characteristics of a large mumps outbreak: Clinical severity, complications and association with vaccination status of mumps outbreak cases

Characteristics of a large mumps outbreak: Clinical severity, complications and association with vaccination status of mumps outbreak cases

Gender differentials in the timing of measles vaccination in rural India

Cochrane Review as a “Warranting Device” for Reasoning About Health

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