Vaccines to combat smoking

Bevins, Rick A.; Wilkinson, Jamie L.; Sanderson, Sam D.

doi:10.1517/14712598.8.4.379

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This finding implies that such a vaccination approach would be most effectively used in association with standard behavior modification and the use of other medications as a complementary approach to stop meth use and addiction. Some authors have suggested that vaccination could be used as a prevention strategy for at-risk individuals [13,38], whereas others have expressed some skepticism and urged extreme caution if such an approach is routinely adopted [26,39,40]. At least with vaccination as a preventative against meth abuse, our findings that vaccinated rats increase early meth intake suggests the latter perspective may be more appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Immune responses to methamphetamine by active immunization with peptide-based, molecular adjuvant-containing vaccines

Duryee

Bevins

Reichel

et al. 2009

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tVaccines to methamphetamine (meth) were designed by covalently attaching a meth hapten (METH) to peptide constructs that contained a conformationally biased, response-selective molecular adjuvant, YSFKPMPLaR (EP54). Rats immunized with EP54-containing meth vaccines generated serum antibody titers to authentic meth, an immune outcome that altered meth self-administration. Immunization increased meth self-administration suggesting pharmacokinetic antagonism. The ability of immune sera to bind a METH-modified target protein dramatically decreased during and shortly after the meth selfadministration assay, suggesting effective sequestration of free meth. However, the binding ability of immune sera to the METH-modified target protein was recovered 34 days after meth-free clearance time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Immune responses to methamphetamine by active immunization with peptide-based, molecular adjuvant-containing vaccines

Duryee

Bevins

Reichel

et al. 2009

Vaccine

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“…Nicotine vaccines are also promising alternatives for smoking cessation which are currently under investigation [Garwood and Potts, 2007]. They act sequestering nicotine from the bloodstream and consequently preventing its penetration into the central nervous system [Garwood and Potts, 2007;Bevins et al, 2008].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation therapy

Kortmann

Dobler

Bizarro

et al. 2009

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Nicotine dependence is a major health problem, with a large amount of smoking-related premature deaths and disabilities. The dependence mechanism of nicotine is especially complex and is under strong genetic influence. Smoking cessation is associated with substantial health benefits. Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that genetic polymorphisms influencing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nicotine may have great potential for aiding smoking treatment. There are more than 30 association studies and one genome-wide association study (GWAS) between genetic polymorphisms and smoking cessation following nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and/or bupropion therapy. However, only a few candidate genes or regions were analyzed more than twice and even these genes require additional investigations in different therapeutic schemes. There are a growing number of new pharmacologic options that have not been pharmacogenetically assessed according to published literature. In addition, molecular genetics studies are needed to assess the functional mechanisms of some putative association results. Taken together, the preliminary findings are promising but raise the need for new studies with adequate sample sizes and adjustment for several potential confounding factors frequently neglected, such as comorbidity and sociodemographic factors. The current state of the art in the field encourages an optimist view that personalized treatment approaches may become possible. However, the current scientific evidence still does not support the use of pharmacogenetic tests in routine smoking cessation therapy.

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“…However, some researchers have speculated about using a vaccine as a preventive in minors who do not smoke or who are experimenting with nicotine products. 15 Children and adolescents may be engaging in smoking initiation but are generally not yet combating addiction, whereas highly addicted individuals may still find satisfaction in smoking despite the vaccine’s physiological effects. Employing a vaccine for prophylactic purposes in children and adolescents who are not yet nicotine-dependent might therefore be a highly effective strategy in cutting smoking incidence at the national level.…”

Section: The Science Of Nicotine Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunological therapies to help smokers stop smoking have shown promise in phase I and II trials; similar therapies could combat smoking addiction before it starts. 4 Nicotine vaccines are distinctive because they confer protection not against infection—the normal target for vaccines—but against enticing pleasures that lead to unhealthy behaviors. As a result, using them preventively in children would be likely to arouse some novel ethical concerns that should be addressed before the vaccines become commonly available and their off-label use as a preventive measure becomes a real option.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%