Vacuum degassing of aqueous tetrafluroethane (R134a) solution during seawater desalination utilizing gas hydrate

Drivers, challenges, and emerging technologies for desalination of high-salinity brines: A critical review

“…At sufficiently high pressures, clathrate hydrates can form above the freezing point of the saline feed stream [378]. Similar to FD, salts adhere to clathrates, thereby requiring posttreatment (washing, pressing, or gentle melting) to yield low-salinity product water [379,380]. CHD primarily consumes electricity for refrigeration and pressurization.…”

“…For example, a study reported ≈4% water recovery yield from a 450 mL reactor in 30 min using a 70,000 ppm NaCl feed [383]; another study took >3 h to fully enclathrate a 50 mL system of cyclopentane, CO 2 , and 35,000 ppm NaCl [405]. In addition to removing adhered salts for lower TDS product water, further posttreatment is required to recover the clathrate-forming gas from the product water and concentrate, increasing the cost and complexity of the process [379,380]. Like FD, CHD has poor salt rejection, but further suffers from extremely slow kinetics and more complex operations, particularly the need to recapture clathrate-forming gas.…”

Estado del arte. Métodos de desalinización de agua

“…Este proceso de desalinización consiste en la formación de hidratos de un gas, como CO 2 , en el seno de agua de mar, los hidratos se forman con agua de la misma, y en las condiciones correctas como 2,9 MPa y 298 K [93], estos compuestos complejos se solidifican, lo que permite que se puedan separar de la solución. Posteriormente, se descompone el hidrato, el gas se recupera y se tiene agua que posee una concentración de sales tan baja como 0,7 % en relación de peso [42,94,95,96]. Un esquema de este procedimiento se presenta en la Figura 13.…”

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies on the Stability and Dissociation of Clathrate Hydrates of Single and Double Greenhouse Gases

“…The F-gases and CO 2 with the utilization of hydrate-based methods can be first separated from the gas mixture and then utilized in the other sections of the industry. For example, they can be applied for food and juice preservation, water treatment and desalination, heat recovery from power plants, and so forth. ,− Based on easy to form CO 2 hydrate than H 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 guests, the hydrate-based gas separation approach as a viable strategy has been widely investigated for the separation of biogas (CO 2 /CH 4 ), syngas (CO 2 /H 2 ), and flue gas (CO 2 /N 2 ) . These technologies in comparison with conventional methods possess some advantages, for example, moderate operation conditions, simple process, and high environmental compatibility .…”

“…Since carbonated frozen dessert (CO 2 hydrate dessert) has a greater CO 2 concentration than carbonated beverages, it could be applied to carbonate the dessert or ice cream . Also, it has been suggested that CO 2 , , SF 6 , cyclopentane, and refrigerant gases (HCFC-141b, , HFC-134a) have proper potential for effluent concentration and desalination targets. This process was simply designed based on crystal formation in a saltwater solution followed by hydrate-saline water separation and then hydrate dissociation.…”