Vacuum-free processed bulk heterojunction solar cells with E-GaIn cathode as an alternative to Al electrode

Ongül, Fatih; Yuksel, Süreyya Aydın; Bozar, Sinem; Çakmak, Gülbeden; Güney, H. Yüksel; Egbe, Daniel Ayuk Mbi; Güneş, Serap

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/48/17/175102

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…EGaIn and Galinstan nanodroplets were also proposed as electron transport materials and self-healing metal contacts in perovskite, flexible perovskite and organic solar cells. 94,95,169,170 As an example, LM nanodroplets were shown to facilitate the electron-transfer process and also provide temporary electron storage at the grain boundaries of perovskite materials. 94 LM inks are typically based on LM nanodroplets functionalized with a range of polymeric compounds, such as polysaccharides or tannic acid, that provide adhesion properties to the LM inks.…”

Section: Lm Soft Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology

et al. 2022

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Section: Lm Soft Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology

et al. 2022

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“…29,30 In addition, these liquid metals do not contain organic solvents and thus do not need high-temperature thermal-annealing treatment. Furthermore, they have a high electrical conductivity of 3.4 × 10 6 S m −1 and an appropriate work-function of 4.2 eV, [31][32][33][34] which are very similar to those of Al. All these attractive properties imply that they are promising printable electrode materials for QLEDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Efficient vacuum-free-processed quantum dot light-emitting diodes with printable liquid metal cathodes

2016

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Colloidal quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are recognized as promising candidates for next generation displays. QLEDs can be fabricated by low-cost solution processing except for the metal electrodes, which, in general, are deposited by costly vacuum evaporation. To be fully compatible with the low-cost solution process, we herein demonstrate vacuum-free and solvent-free fabrication of electrodes using a printable liquid metal. With eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) based liquid metal cathodes, vacuum-free-processed QLEDs are demonstrated with superior external quantum efficiencies of 11.51%, 12.85% and 5.03% for red, green and blue devices, respectively, which are about 2-, 1.5- and 1.1-fold higher than those of the devices with thermally evaporated Al cathodes. The improved performance is attributable to the reduction of electron injection by the native oxide of EGaIn, which serves as an electron-blocking layer for the devices and thus improves the balance of carrier injection. Also, the T half-lifetime of the vacuum-free-processed QLEDs is about 2-fold longer than that of the devices with Al cathodes. Our results demonstrate that EGaIn-based solvent-free liquid metals are promising printable electrodes for realizing efficient, low-cost and vacuum-free-processed QLEDs. The elimination of vacuum and high-temperature processes significantly reduces the production cost and paves the way for industrial roll-to-roll manufacturing of large area displays.

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“…The focus of these articles range from circuit and sensing applications to emerging fabrication methods based on lithographic, additive, subtractive, and injection‐based techniques . More recent developments in LM microfluidics have been directed towards 3D printing of microfluidic channels and applications of LM in antennas and resonators, electrodes and metamaterials . In addition, there has been an increased focus on exploring different phenomena like electro‐chemistry, wettability, and interfaces of LMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft Multifunctional Composites and Emulsions with Liquid Metals

2017

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Binary mixtures of liquid metal (LM) or low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) in an elastomeric or fluidic carrier medium can exhibit unique combinations of electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This emerging class of soft multifunctional composites have potential applications in wearable computing, bio-inspired robotics, and shape-programmable architectures. The dispersion phase can range from dilute droplets to connected networks that support electrical conductivity. In contrast to deterministically patterned LM microfluidics, LMPA- and LM-embedded elastomer (LMEE) composites are statistically homogenous and exhibit effective bulk properties. Eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn) and Ga-In-Sn (Galinstan) alloys are typically used due to their high conductivity, low viscosity, negligible nontoxicity, and ability to wet to nonmetallic materials. Because they are liquid-phase, these alloys can alter the electrical and thermal properties of the composite while preserving the mechanics of the surrounding medium. For composites with LMPA inclusions (e.g., Field's metal, Pb-based solder), mechanical rigidity can be actively tuned with external heating or electrical activation. This progress report, reviews recent experimental and theoretical studies of this emerging class of soft material architectures and identifies current technical challenges and opportunities for further advancement.

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Vacuum-free processed bulk heterojunction solar cells with E-GaIn cathode as an alternative to Al electrode

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology

Applications of liquid metals in nanotechnology

Efficient vacuum-free-processed quantum dot light-emitting diodes with printable liquid metal cathodes

Soft Multifunctional Composites and Emulsions with Liquid Metals

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