Vacuum pyrolysis incorporating microwave heating and base mixture modification: An integrated approach to transform biowaste into eco-friendly bioenergy products

Ge, Shengbo; Foong, Shin Ying; Ling, Nyuk; Liew, Rock Keey; Mahari, Wan Adibah Wan; Xia, Changlei; Yek, Peter Nai Yuh; Peng, Wanxi; Nam, Wai Lun; Lim, Xin Yi; Liew, Chin Mei; Chong, Chi Cheng; Sonne, Christian; Lam, Su Shiung

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109871

Cited by 169 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…To address these problems, the microwave irradiation has been explored as an innovative alternative heating source for these two main reasons. Compared to a furnace, the amount of time required to meet a comparable pyrolysis temperature is achieved in a fraction of the time [22]. Secondly, the merit of microwave mediation is that the rotation of molecules through high frequency and the penetration depth of the microwaves into the materials consequently provide sufficient heat to the materials [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Physicochemical Properties and Sorption Behaviors of Pyrolysis-Derived and Microwave-Mediated Biochar

Brickler

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Biochar’s ability to amend and remediate agricultural soil has been a growing interest, though the energy expenses from high-temperature pyrolysis deter the product’s use. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the pyrolysis efficiency while ensuring the quality of produced biochar. The present study utilized three types of feedstock (i.e., switchgrass, biosolid, and water oak leaves) to produce biochar via conventional slow pyrolysis and microwave pyrolysis at different temperature/energy input. The produced biochar was characterized and comprehensively compared in terms of their physiochemical properties (e.g., surface functionality, elemental composition, and thermal stability). It was discovered that microwave-mediated biochar was more resistant to thermal decomposition, indicated by a higher production yield, yet more diverse surface functional groups were preserved than slow pyrolysis-derived biochar. A nutrient (NO3-N) adsorption isotherm study displayed that microwave-mediated biochar exhibited greater adsorption (13.3 mg g−1) than that of slow pyrolysis-derived biochar (3.1 mg g−1), proving its potential for future applications. Results suggested that microwaves pyrolysis is a promising method for biochar production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Physicochemical Properties and Sorption Behaviors of Pyrolysis-Derived and Microwave-Mediated Biochar

Brickler

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…Based on the previous research results, including high heating value (HHV), proximate and ultimate analysis, 13 the carbon densification factor (CDF), the energy enrichment factor (EEF), the calorific value improvement (CVI), and the fuel ratio (FR) were calculated according to the following Equations (1)–(4) 16

CDF = C_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / C_{Control}

EEF = {HHV}_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / {HHV}_{Control}

CVI = ((), EEF - 1) \times 100

FR = {Fixed carbon}_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / Volatile {matter}_{torrefied bamboo wastes}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, torrefaction effectively reduced the volatile matters of bamboo wastes and the emission of pollutants. 16 Compared with residence times, torrefaction temperatures had a more significant impact on the energy properties of torrefied bamboo wastes.…”

Section: Energy Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

Feng

Jin

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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To investigate the chemical and structural transformation of bamboo during torrefaction process, bamboo wastes were torrefied at temperatures of 200, 250, and 300°C and residence times of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 hr, whose properties were determined by thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (PY‐MS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The results showed that torrefaction improved the energy density and calorific value, reduced the volatile matters, and pollutant emission of bamboo wastes. The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes was due to pyrolysis of some chemical groups. Torrefaction temperatures had the more significant effect than residence times. The energy enrichment factor (EEF), the calorific value improvement (CVI), and fuel ratio (FR) of torrefied bamboo wastes increased with the increase of torrefaction temperatures and residence times. When torrefaction temperatures increased to 300°C, crystalline region of cellulose was destroyed. There were more than 10 families of pyrolysis products, including alcohol, acid, aldehyde, alkane, ester, ether, furan, ketone, phenol, etc. Torrefaction changed the chemical environment of H atoms from aromatics of guaiacs unit, β‐O‐4 structure, β‐β structure to xylan. The β‐O‐4 bond was broken in guaiacle unit and formed aromatization and alkyl side chains. The results will be helpful to reveal torrefaction mechanism of bamboo wastes and further develop their add‐valued utilization as energy products.

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“…Commercial plants of pyrolysis and combustion for waste-toenergy are available at industrial scale (Foong et al 2020c;Pio et al 2020), while gasification plant is comparatively limited. Despite that these technologies are commercially available, the research work on optimization and exploration of its further potential is still undergoing vigorously (Ge et al 2020(Ge et al , 2021Gutiérrez et al 2020;Hameed et al 2021;Liew et al 2018b;Ma et al 2019;Pedrazzi et al 2019). Among these, gasification is getting increasing attention due to its capability in producing higher yield of cleaner gaseous fuel such as hydrogen and syngas than combustion and pyrolysis (Jiang et al 2019).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasification of refuse-derived fuel from municipal solid waste for energy production: a review

et al. 2021

Self Cite

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Dwindling fossil fuels and improper waste management are major challenges in the context of increasing population and industrialization, calling for new waste-to-energy sources. For instance, refuse-derived fuels can be produced from transformation of municipal solid waste, which is forecasted to reach 2.6 billion metric tonnes in 2030. Gasification is a thermalinduced chemical reaction that produces gaseous fuel such as hydrogen and syngas. Here, we review refuse-derived fuel gasification with focus on practices in various countries, recent progress in gasification, gasification modelling and economic analysis. We found that some countries that replace coal by refuse-derived fuel reduce CO 2 emission by 40%, and decrease the amount municipal solid waste being sent to landfill by more than 50%. The production cost of energy via refuse-derived fuel gasification is estimated at 0.05 USD/kWh. Co-gasification by using two feedstocks appears more beneficial over conventional gasification in terms of minimum tar formation and improved process efficiency.

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Vacuum pyrolysis incorporating microwave heating and base mixture modification: An integrated approach to transform biowaste into eco-friendly bioenergy products

Cited by 169 publications

References 54 publications

Comparing Physicochemical Properties and Sorption Behaviors of Pyrolysis-Derived and Microwave-Mediated Biochar

Comparing Physicochemical Properties and Sorption Behaviors of Pyrolysis-Derived and Microwave-Mediated Biochar

The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

Gasification of refuse-derived fuel from municipal solid waste for energy production: a review

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