Vacuum UV photo-oxidation of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Morgan, A. G.; Cocca, Matthew; Vega, Katerine; Fleischer, Andrew; Gupta, Surendra K.; Mehan, Michael; Takacs, G. A.

doi:10.1080/01694243.2017.1308994

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows an example of the high resolution C 1s spectra obtained for the control and treated samples which were normalized to peak intensity at the main hydrocarbon peak (284.6 eV). Using the binding energies from the literature [7,13], the curve fitting results for the C 1s spectra are reported in Table 1. Figure 3 shows an example of the high resolution C 1s spectra obtained for the control and treated samples which were normalized to peak intensity at the main hydrocarbon peak (284.6 eV).…”

Section: Ps Quantitative Analyses and Contact Angle Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 shows an example of the high resolution C 1s spectra obtained for the control and treated samples which were normalized to peak intensity at the main hydrocarbon peak (284.6 eV). Using the binding energies from the literature [7,13], the curve fitting results for the C 1s spectra are reported in Table 1. Technologies 2018, 6, x 4 of 8 The binding energies for phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic acid are at 286 and 288.6 eV, respectively [14].…”

Section: Ps Quantitative Analyses and Contact Angle Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mild MW plasma system [7] was used to study the surface modification of PS as a function of treatment time. The MW plasma of an Ar/O2 mixture, having flow rates of 50 and 10 sccm, respectively, was generated in an Evenson cavity (Opthos Instruments, Inc., Rockville, MD) which One way to increase the hydrophilicity of the PS surface is to use vacuum UV (VUV) photo-oxidation where a remote microwave (MW) plasma is employed to produce excited atoms, such as Ar (which emits 104.8 and 106.7 nm VUV radiation), which is then photo-absorbed by gaseous oxygen flowing over the PS surface [4].…”

Section: Production Of Oxygen Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Production Of Oxygen Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The oxidation of the surface may occur because oxygen molecules photo-absorb in the VUV region of the electromagnetic spectrum [5], resulting in photo-dissociation forming reactive ground state, 3 P, and electronically excited, 1 D and 1 S, oxygen atoms which are energetically possible with threshold wavelengths of 242.4, 175.0 and 133.2 nm, respectively [6]. When this VUV photo-oxidation experimental set-up [4] was used to treat poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) [7], the results were in good agreement with a previous study where the oxygen was separated from the radiation emitted from MW plasmas of He-H 2 and H 2 by a MgF window having a cut-off wavelength of 112 nm [8]. The reaction time associated with the distance from the remote MW plasma results in negligible contributions from charged particles and metastables because of recombination and deactivation processes occurring in transit to the sample [9,10].…”

Section: Production Of Oxygen Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Modification of Polystyrene with O Atoms Produced Downstream from an Ar/O2 Microwave Plasma

Cocca

et al. 2018

Technologies

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Because discarded polystyrene (PS) is little affected by degrading agents, PS was treated with a remote microwave (MW) plasma discharge of an Ar/O 2 mixture in the absence of radiation to increase wettability and introduce functional groups which make the waste more liable to degradation and useful for technological applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detected decreases in the aromatic sp 2 and aliphatic sp 3 carbons with treatment and, initially, increases in C-O and carbonyl groups, present in the formation of ethers, epoxides, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes. At longer treatment times, ester, O-C=O; carbonate-like, O-(C=O)-O; and anhydride, O=C-O-C=O; moieties are observed with an overall oxygen saturation level of 23.6 ± 0.9 at% O. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements detected little change in surface roughness with treatment time. Advancing water contact angle decreased by ca. 50% compared to pristine PS indicating an increase in hydrophilicity because of oxidation. Washing the treated samples in deionized water decreased the oxygen concentrations at the saturation treatment times down to 18.6 ± 1 at% O due to the washing away of a weak boundary layer.

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Section: Ps Quantitative Analyses and Contact Angle Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 3 shows an example of the high resolution C 1s spectra obtained for the control and treated samples which were normalized to peak intensity at the main hydrocarbon peak (284.6 eV). Using the binding energies from the literature [7,13], the curve fitting results for the C 1s spectra are reported in Table 1. Technologies 2018, 6, x 4 of 8 The binding energies for phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic acid are at 286 and 288.6 eV, respectively [14].…”

Section: Ps Quantitative Analyses and Contact Angle Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%