Vagal Afferent Processing by the Paratrigeminal Nucleus

Driessen, Alexandria K

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01110

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Nociceptive TG neurons innervating the nasal mucosa send their information to Sp5C and additionally to Pa5, which also receive sensory inputs from the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves innervating pharynx and lower airway and regulate the respiratory reflexes. 43 , 44 Vagal nociceptive input from the lower airway and lungs is primarily sent to NTS. 14 , 22 Therefore, we immunolabeled brainstem sections from air- and aerosol-exposed mice with the anti-pS6 antibody ( Figure 4A–C , brainstem images in low magnification.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Liquid Constituents Induce Nasal and Tracheal Sensory Irritation in Mice in Regionally Dependent Fashion

Ogura

Lin

2020

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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Introduction Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are currently used by millions of adults and adolescents worldwide. Major respiratory symptoms, such as coughing reported by e-cig users, including patients with e-cig, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), indicate e-cig constituent-induced sensory irritation. However, e-cig constituent-induced nociceptive activity in nasal and tracheal respiratory epithelia (RE) and neuronal activation in the trigeminal ganglia and brainstem nuclei, which receive airway chemosensory inputs have not been examined and compared. Comparisons of physiological responses between freebase nicotine and nicotine salts are also missing. Aims and Methods Event-related potential (ERP) was recorded electrophysiologically to assess mouse nasal and tracheal RE chemosensory responses to various flavorings, nicotine, including freebase and nicotine salts, e-liquid mixtures, and tussigenic stimuli. Also, mice were subjected to inhalation exposure to aerosol of a vanilla-flavored e-liquid or air (control), and the activated-trigeminal nociceptive neurons and brainstem neurons were examined using immunohistochemistry. Results Individual constituents and mixtures of e-liquids, capsaicin, and citric and acetic acids evoked significantly larger ERP in the nose than in the trachea with the exception of menthol. ERP responses to freebase nicotine were significantly larger than protonated nicotine. Four nicotine salts (benzoate, lactate, levulinate, and salicylate) induced similar responses. Compared with air-exposed mice, e-liquid aerosol-exposed mice showed a significant increase in numbers of activated trigeminal nociceptive neurons and brainstem neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, paratrigeminal nucleus, and nucleus tractus solitarius. Conclusions E-liquid constituents region-dependently stimulate airway nociceptive chemosensory systems, and freebase nicotine is more potent than protonated nicotine. Implications Neural abnormalities have been implicated in the development of nasal and respiratory illnesses. The higher sensitivity of the nasal nociceptive chemosensory system to nicotine and flavorings may indicate a health risk for e-liquid aerosol-induced upper airway illnesses via neurogenic alteration and warrants further investigation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Cigarette Liquid Constituents Induce Nasal and Tracheal Sensory Irritation in Mice in Regionally Dependent Fashion

Ogura

Lin

2020

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…These include mainly transient potential receptors, but also receptors P2X3, which have the structure of ion channels that open upon the attachment of specific ligands, such as capsaicin or ATP. Signals transmitted through the vagus nerve activate the nerve cells of the solitary nucleus and the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal nerve, in which, in the dorsolateral medulla oblongata, there is an area (paratrigeminal nucleus) that receives signals from the vagus, trigeminal and lingual-pharyngeal nerve [8]. This area, which is still poorly understood, is most likely responsible for the transmission of signals to the thalamus and cerebral cortex that result in the "urge to cough" as well as habitual cough [8].…”

Section: Causes and Clinical Evaluation Of Chronic Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signals transmitted through the vagus nerve activate the nerve cells of the solitary nucleus and the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal nerve, in which, in the dorsolateral medulla oblongata, there is an area (paratrigeminal nucleus) that receives signals from the vagus, trigeminal and lingual-pharyngeal nerve [8]. This area, which is still poorly understood, is most likely responsible for the transmission of signals to the thalamus and cerebral cortex that result in the "urge to cough" as well as habitual cough [8]. In the central nervous system, si- Causes of chronic cough according to [5] gnals are received mainly through the N-methyl-aspartate (NMDA), but also through γ-amino butyric acid binding (GABA) receptors.…”

Section: Causes and Clinical Evaluation Of Chronic Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cough hypersensitivity syndrome is defined as a condition in which cough constitutes the most important clinical component and is usually triggered by minimal levels of exposure [3]. Dysregulation both at the level of signal transmission and at the central level, including the cerebral cortex, is considered to be the leading mechanism [8].…”

Section: Causes and Clinical Evaluation Of Chronic Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic cough — treament in line with guidelines

2022

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Chronic cough is one of the most common symptoms in clinical practice that is associated numerous negative consequences. The pathophysiology of chronic cough is complex, and its most common causes include respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, exposure to tobacco smoke, and medications. Understanding the physiology of cough and the mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity can improve the outcome of the treatment. At the turn of 2019 and 2020, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) issued guidelines concerning diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic management (pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment) of chronic cough that persists despite causal treatment as well as cough of unknown etiology. The aim of the treatment, preceded by a thorough clinical evaluation, is to control the cough reflex while maintaing the protective function of cough. The following aspects should be taken into account in therapeutic management: antiasthmatic medications, medications reducing gastric acidity as well as prokinetic and neuromodulatory medications. Non-pharmacological methods include physiotherapy and speech therapy. To improve treatment results, it is necessary to seek new antitussive medications and physiotherapy methods, understand cough phenotypes and introduce more effective methods of cough measurement. Due to the limited efficacy of the currently used medications, researchers are currently conducting clinical trials involving new antitussive medications, with mechanisms of antitussive activity other than the ones which are currently applied.

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“…Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is one of the most researched NIBS techniques for migraine control. Although the precise analgesic mechanisms of tVNS are unknown, it is known that the vagal afference activates the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the brainstem and can modulate the excitability of the trigeminal sensory complex and connectivity to the upper brain structures in conditions of pain [11,12]. It is also believed that tVNS can control the drop in the typical thalamocortical activity in conditions of pain, inhibiting nociceptive trigeminal neurons and thus, causing an inhibitory effect on pain in individuals with migraine [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in migraine: an alternative treatment of chronic migraine

de Carvalho,

Marques,

Ferreira

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Context: Migraine is a disabling condition that is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is among the most researched non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for migraine control. Objectives: In this integrative review, we discuss the effects of VNS parameters (waveform, frequency, intensity, cycle, and current), central, and clinical mechanisms in auricular (taVNS) or cervical (tcVNS) transcutaneous VNS in the control of migraine pain.Methods: PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Cochrane Library, CAPES Journals (Portal of Journals of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Google Scholar were searched by computer from the establishment of within the 10-year period (2011–2021). Results: Initially, a total of 10,017 articles were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 10,007 articles were excluded. The eligibility criteria were analyzed and only ten articles fulfilled the criteria. The most used parameters in this study for VNS were the frequencies of 1 Hz, 25 Hz, and 30 Hz. The 1 Hz stimulation caused a more significant reduction in the number of days with headache. The total stimulation time varies between studies, ranging from 2 min to 240 min, and can be repeated for a period or a single session. Studies that used a longer treatment period showed clinical results in reducing pain and analyzed the scores. Moreover, studies have shown reduced intensity or severity of pain after taVNS.Conclusions: The studies performed taVNS or tcVNS, and both methods had positive effects on migraine control, pain reduction, and migraine score.

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Vagal Afferent Processing by the Paratrigeminal Nucleus

Cited by 21 publications

References 92 publications

Electronic Cigarette Liquid Constituents Induce Nasal and Tracheal Sensory Irritation in Mice in Regionally Dependent Fashion

Electronic Cigarette Liquid Constituents Induce Nasal and Tracheal Sensory Irritation in Mice in Regionally Dependent Fashion

Chronic cough — treament in line with guidelines

The effect of transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in migraine: an alternative treatment of chronic migraine

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