Vaginal Bleeding In the Prepubescent Child

Urethral Mucosa Prolapse in an 18-Year-Old Adolescent

“…This is to our knowledge the first reported case in an adolescent. The exact cause of urethra prolapse is not known, but multiple aetiologies have been proposed including increased urethra mobility, mucosal redundancy, increased abdominal pressure, and poor attachment between the muscular layers of the urethra [4]. Other contributing factors include estrogen deficiency and poor nutrition and hygiene [5, 6].…”

An unexpected cause of vaginal bleeding: the role of pelvic radiography

“…Vaginal bleeding and/or discharge in young girls may result from infection, urological problems, endocrine causes, bleeding disorders, dermatological conditions, trauma, sexual abuse, masses or foreign bodies 2. Clinical examination, blood and urine tests, personal history and imaging techniques, including ultrasound, radiography and MRI of the pelvis, were all useful in differential diagnosis.…”

“…According to the literature, any kind of small object can be found in a girl’s vagina, with toilet paper being the one most commonly found 2 3. Lead pencils, pen caps, bottle caps, small plastic toys, safety pins and wax crayons are also frequently introduced in the vagina either due to the child's curiosity or for sexual gratification.…”

Premenarcheal Urethral Mucosa Prolapse in Enugu, Southeast, Nigeria: Five Case Series

“…It is a rare, often misdiagnosed, benign condition with an incidence of 1:3000 among pre-pubertal black girls [1]. The exact etiology is unknown, but increased urethra mobility, mucosal redundancy, increased abdominal pressure, poor attachment between the inner longitudinal and outer circular smooth muscle layers of the urethra, estrogen deficiency, and poor nutrition have been implicated [2][3][4]. The muscle layers may separate after a sudden increase in intraabdominal pressure leading to urethral mucosa prolapse.…”