Vaginal discharge reviewed: the adult pre-menopausal female

Henn, EW; Kruger, T. F.; Siebert, T.I.

doi:10.1080/20786204.2005.10873183

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Generally, it is estimated that 1 in 3 women will develop the condition at some point in their lives. Its prevalence ranges between 4.9 and 36% in developed countries (Henn et al, 2005). An increased risk for the development of BV has been shown with surgery and pregnancy where it is estimated that 15 to 20% of pregnant women have BV (Alfonsi et al, 2004).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BV can arise and remit spontaneously or develop into a chronic or recurrent disease (Donders, 2010). There are no proven individual predisposing factors exclusive to BV (Henn et al, 2005). Risk factors that have been associated with BV include having multiple sex partners, a new male sex partner, sex with a woman, early age at first intercourse, frequent vaginal douching, use of vaginal foreign bodies or perfumed soaps, cigarette smoking and lack of vaginal Lactobacilli (Cherpes et al, 2008).…”

Section: Aetiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Risk factors that have been associated with BV include having multiple sex partners, a new male sex partner, sex with a woman, early age at first intercourse, frequent vaginal douching, use of vaginal foreign bodies or perfumed soaps, cigarette smoking and lack of vaginal Lactobacilli (Cherpes et al, 2008). Although BV has never been proven to be sexually transmitted, it has an epidemiological profile consistent with that of a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Henn et al, 2005), although it is better described as a SED. It is more common among women who have an STI or who use intrauterine devices (Fethers et al, 2008;Wilson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Aetiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recurrent BV is generally defined as three or more proven (clinically by Amsel's criteria or microscopically) episodes of BV in 12 months (Amsel et al, 1983;Wilson, 2004;Hay 2009). It is postulated that BV recurs around the time of menstruation (Henn et al, 2005) when oestrogen levels are low and vaginal pH is higher than normal (Wilson et al, 2007). With treatment, the cure rates are 80 to 90% at one week, but recurrences are reported in 15 to 30% within three months (Wilson et al, 2005;Wilson, 2004).…”

Section: Aetiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 50% of women with BV have no symptoms (Henn et al, 2005) and there is a debate on whether this form of BV should be considered a disease (Nansel et al, (2010) and Srinivasan et al (2008). 2006). In the other half, BV most often manifests clinically as a thin homogenous vaginal discharge, a pH of more than 4.5, presence of "clue cells" and an amine odour (after addition of 10% of KOH).…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Bacterial vaginosis: Literature review of treatment options with specific emphasis on non-antibiotic treatment

Truter¹,

Graz²

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal infection that occurs when the balance of bacteria in the vagina isaltered. It is a common condition affecting millions of women. Although the syndrome is curable with standard drugs such as metronidazole and clindamycin, relapse rates are high. Many patients are asymptomatic and recurrence is difficult to differentiate from treatment failure. The infection can have gynaecological and obstetric complications. In addition, there is an association with the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. This review focuses on the epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis, complications and treatment of BV, with emphasis on the role of non-antimicrobial treatment options. Firstly, the lowering of the vaginal pH is discussed as one possible treatment option. An overview is given of the use of acetic and lactic acid gels, boric acid suppositories, as well as studies that reported on the use of douches and tampons. Thereafter, the role of Lactobacillus (probiotic) supplementation as treatment is discussed. Literature sources recommend that more research on BV be conducted. Although standard pharmacological therapy is effective, there are limited treatment options available. Recent research indicating the presence of a structured polymicrobial Gardnerella vaginalis biofilm attached to the endometrium may have major implications for future research into the pathogenesis and treatment of BV.

show abstract

Section: Epidemiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aetiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aetiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aetiology Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosis Of Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bacterial vaginosis: Literature review of treatment options with specific emphasis on non-antibiotic treatment

Truter¹,

Graz²

2013

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Nifuratel-Nystatin combination for the treatment of mixed infections of bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomonal vaginitis

Obiero

Rulisa

Ogongo

et al. 2018

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assessment of excessive vaginal discharge among women who presented to Phuentsholing General Hospital: A hospital‐based study

Dorjey

Wangmo²,

Tshomo³

2022

Health Science Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Excessive vaginal discharge is troublesome for females. The majority of the women seek gynecological consultation due to excessive vaginal discharge. The causes vary from physiological to pathological discharge. Unless the cause is identified and treated, women will remain in distress. The present study was thus carried out to determine the most common cause of the excessive vaginal discharge. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Phuentsholing General Hospital, Chukha, Bhutan, from May 1 to October 31, 2021. All females aged 18 years and older, irrespective of marital status, who presented with excessive vaginal discharge were recruited for the study. With due informed consent, a sterile speculum examination was performed and a high vaginal swab was collected and subjected to various tests. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Descriptive statistical tests were used for frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviations; the χ 2 test was used to determine associations, and a logistic regression test was performed to determine the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. Results A total of 400 women were recruited for the study, of whom 362 (90.5%) women had infective causes for vaginal discharge. Trichomoniasis was the most common infection identified in 162 (40.5%) women, followed by bacterial vaginosis (91, 22.8%) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (52, 13.0%). In 38 (9.5%) women, infective cause was not found and categorized as physiological vaginal discharge. Malodorous, profuse discharge, vulval itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain were significantly associated with infectious vaginal discharge. Conclusions Excessive vaginal discharge was mainly caused by infections. The most commonly detected infection was trichomoniasis, followed by bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Every female with vaginal discharge requires proper evaluations to identify the infection and treat it adequately.

show abstract

Vaginal discharge reviewed: the adult pre-menopausal female

Cited by 8 publications

References 56 publications

Bacterial vaginosis: Literature review of treatment options with specific emphasis on non-antibiotic treatment

Bacterial vaginosis: Literature review of treatment options with specific emphasis on non-antibiotic treatment

Nifuratel-Nystatin combination for the treatment of mixed infections of bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomonal vaginitis

Assessment of excessive vaginal discharge among women who presented to Phuentsholing General Hospital: A hospital‐based study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About