Vaginal infection with <i>Ureaplasma urealyticum</i> accounts for preterm delivery via induction of inflammatory responses

Harada, Kieko; Tanaka, Hiroyuki; Komori, Shinji; Tsuji, Yoshiyuki; Nagata, Kumiko; Tsutsui, Hiroko; Koyama, Koji

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00039.x

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Concerning the correlation between mycoplasma and preterm delivery, the results were very significant, confirming the literature (Harada et al [19] and many others) and the hypothesis that this kind of microorganism is accountable for a greater part of cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Interleukin-6 andMycoplasma hominisas markers of preterm birth and related brain damage: Our experience

Massaro

Scaravilli

Simeone³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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In order to achieve a good therapeutic purpose and get to an efficient strategy, the patients have to be elected by a number of criteria, which may include anamnesis elements, vaginal swab, then cytokines dosage in selected women, thus excluding the low-risk cases. Further studies are expected in order to plan guidelines including the dosage of ILs and principally of IL-6 as a main marker of preterm birth, above all during the second trimester.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Interleukin-6 andMycoplasma hominisas markers of preterm birth and related brain damage: Our experience

Massaro

Scaravilli

Simeone³

et al. 2009

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine

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“…Surface proteins can also display mechanisms of phase variation as a means to escape the host immune responses [43]. At the same time they are excellent immunogens, their lipid moiety acting with adjuvant-like proinflammatory activity and their protein part evoking an immune response [44]. However, the type of immune response they trigger may vary according to the Lpp involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe Mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. One subspecies, Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC), is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Its very close relative, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), is a more ubiquitous pathogen in small ruminants causing mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, pneumonia and septicaemia and is also found as saprophyte in the ear canal. To understand the genetics underlying these phenotypic differences, we compared the MmmSC PG1 type strain genome, which was already available, with the genome of an Mmc field strain (95010) that was sequenced in this study. We also compared the 95010 genome with the recently published genome of another Mmc strain (GM12) to evaluate Mmc strain diversity.ResultsThe MmmSC PG1 genome is 1,212 kbp and that of Mmc 95010 is ca. 58 kbp shorter. Most of the sequences present in PG1 but not 95010 are highly repeated Insertion Sequences (three types of IS) and large duplicated DNA fragments. The 95010 genome contains five types of IS, present in fewer copies than in PG1, and two copies of an integrative conjugative element. These mobile genetic elements have played a key role in genome plasticity, leading to inversions of large DNA fragments. Comparison of the two genomes suggested a marked decay of the PG1 genome that seems to be correlated with a greater number of IS. The repertoire of gene families encoding surface proteins is smaller in PG1. Several genes involved in polysaccharide metabolism and protein degradation are also absent from, or degraded in, PG1.ConclusionsThe genome of MmmSC PG1 is larger than that of Mmc 95010, its very close relative, but has less coding capacity. This is the result of large genetic rearrangements due to mobile elements that have also led to marked gene decay. This is consistent with a non-adaptative genomic complexity theory, allowing duplications or pseudogenes to be maintained in the absence of adaptive selection that would lead to purifying selection and genome streamlining over longer evolutionary times. These findings also suggest that MmmSC only recently adapted to its bovine host.

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“…However, after 24 h of stimulation, apoptosis occurred. Other studies observed apoptotic activity of LAMPs [12, 41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These apoptotic HEp-2 cells were more numerous within 24 to 48 hours of infection. Harada et al [12] showed that U. urealyticum also has the ability to induce apoptosis in cells. The caspase gene expression among cells infected with isolates 34, 37, 174 and 82 was also high after 24 hours of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in HEp-2 cells infected with Ureaplasma diversum

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBacterial pathogens have many strategies for infecting and persisting in host cells. Adhesion, invasion and intracellular life are important features in the biology of mollicutes. The intracellular location of Ureaplasma diversum may trigger disturbances in the host cell. This includes activation or inhibition of pro and anti-apoptotic factors, which facilitate the development of host damage. The aim of the present study was to associate U. diversum infection in HEp-2 cells and apoptosis induction. Cells were infected for 72hs with four U. diversum clinical isolates and an ATCC strain. The U. diversum invasion was analyzed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and gentamicin invasion assay. The apoptosis was evaluated using pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression, and FITC Annexin V/Dead Cell Apoptosis Kit.ResultsThe number of internalized ureaplasma in HEp-2 cells increased significantly throughout the infection. The flow cytometry analysis with fluorochromes to detect membrane depolarization and gene expression for caspase 2, 3 and 9 increased in infected cells after 24 hours. However, after 72 hours a considerable decrease of apoptotic cells was observed.ConclusionsThe data suggests that apoptosis may be initially induced by some isolates in association with HEp-2 cells, but over time, there was no evidence of apoptosis in the presence of ureaplasma and HEp-2 cells. The initial increase and then decrease in apoptosis could be related to bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPS). Moreover, the isolates of U. diversum presented differences in the studied parameters for apoptosis. It was also observed that the amount of microorganisms was not proportional to the induction of apoptosis in HEp-2 cells.

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Vaginal infection with Ureaplasma urealyticum accounts for preterm delivery via induction of inflammatory responses

Cited by 36 publications

References 35 publications

Interleukin-6 andMycoplasma hominisas markers of preterm birth and related brain damage: Our experience

Interleukin-6 andMycoplasma hominisas markers of preterm birth and related brain damage: Our experience

Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective

Apoptosis in HEp-2 cells infected with Ureaplasma diversum

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