Vaginal metastasis in solid tumours: our four cases and review of the literature

Abstract

Background Vaginal metastasis should be kept in mind when evaluating the staging tests of all cancers, especially endometrial cancer. Case presentation We present four patients with vaginal recurrence who recently applied to our clinic. Three cases were of endometrial cancer and one case of rectal cancer. All patients presented with vaginal bleeding. Conclusion Standard treatment for vaginal metastasis has not yet been established. Therapeutic options for vaginal metastasis—separately or in combination—are surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Asymptomatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma With a “De Novo” Synchronous Vaginal Metastasis and Recurrence of the Disease – A Case Report

“…In 1906, Penham first described vaginal metastasis from RCC 6 . Geng et al reported in their study less than 90 cases of metastatic RCC in the vagina and, according to the medical literature, roughly 100 cases of metastatic RCC in the vagina have been reported thus far 4,7,8 . RCC presents with synchronous metastases in 18% of cases, and with metachronous metastases in 50% of cases, after nephrectomy 3,7,8 .…”

“…The usual sites of metastases are lungs, bones, adrenal glands, liver, and lymph nodes, very rarely brain and vagina. In 70-80% of all kidney tumours, the clear cell renal cell variant is the most common one, which can metastasize in the vagina [2][3][4] . The median age of patients with metastatic ccRCC in the vagina is 57 years old, compared to that of patients with primary clear cell vaginal carcinoma, which is more common in younger women, with a median age of 18 years old 1,5 .…”

“…Very rarely, dissemination from tumours of pancreas, stomach or kidney to the vagina can occur 3 . According to the medical literature, roughly 100 cases of metastatic RCC in the vagina have been reported thus far 3,4 .…”

An isolated vaginal metastasis from rectal cancer: a case report

“…The most common clinical presentation was vaginal bleeding, which is similar to the signs of primary vaginal cancer. Other symptoms included vaginal discharge, staining, or a palpable mass [ 2 , 5 ].…”

Primary poorly differentiated carcinoma of the vagina with focal neuroendocrine differentiation: a tumour with aggressive behaviour

“…However, the vagina is a common site of metastatic gynaecological cancer (eg, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer) either by direct extension or through haematogenous/lymphatic spread. Non-gynaecological tumours can also metastasise or directly extend to the vagina, while the origin of the tumours includes not only nearby organs, such as the bladder and rectum but also occasionally distant organs, such as the lung and breast 1 3. Therefore, primary vaginal malignancies should be classified only after excluding possible metastatic tumours of other origin 2…”