Vaginal microbiome: normalcy vs dysbiosis

Saraf, Viqar Sayeed; Sheikh, Sohail Aslam; Ahmad, Aftab; Gillevet, Patrick M.; Bokhari, Habib; Javed, Sundus

doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02414-3

Cited by 111 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The major impacts of such interactions would be the disruption of regulatory networks on immune responses, leading to pathogenesis of immune-mediated disorders. Since the reproductive tract is a mucosal site opening to exterior environments, impairment of host-microbiome interfaces were frequently linked with inflammatory diseases, infertility and several types of gynecological cancer [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Imbalance of reproductive tract microbiota could disturb the immune function and promote the inflammation of reproductive tract which could contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis [ 6 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A More Diverse Cervical Microbiome Associates with Better Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Endometriosis: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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Infection-induced chronic inflammation is common in patients with endometriosis. Although microbial communities in the reproductive tracts of patients have been reported, little was known about their dynamic profiles during disease progression and complication development. Microbial communities in cervical mucus were collected by cervical swabs from 10 healthy women and 23 patients, and analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The abundance, ecological relationships and functional networks of microbiota were characterized according to their prevalence, clinical stages, and clinical features including deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), CA125, pain score and infertility. Cervical microbiome can be altered during endometriosis development and progression with a tendency of increased Firmicutes and decreased Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Distinct from vaginal microbiome, upregulation of Lactobacillus, in combination with increased Streptococcus and decreased Dialister, was frequently associated with advanced endometriosis stages, DIE, higher CA125 levels, severe pain, and infertility. Significantly, reduced richness and diversity of cervical microbiome were detected in patients with more severe clinical symptoms. Clinical treatments against infertility can partially reverse the ecological balance of microbes through remodeling nutrition metabolism and transport and cell-cell/cell-matrix interaction. This study provides a new understanding on endometriosis development and a more diverse cervical microbiome may be beneficial for patients to have better clinical outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A More Diverse Cervical Microbiome Associates with Better Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Endometriosis: A Pilot Study

et al. 2022

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“…Notwithstanding the myriad studies exploring the gut microbiota, the vagina is another high-volume microbiota organ. The vaginal microbiota comprises around 9% of the total human microbiota and is a central component of reproductive health and disease [ 64 , 65 ]. For decades, the normal vaginal flora has been thought to comprise predominantly lactobacilli; however, more advanced non-culture-based modern techniques have exposed a more diverse composition of the healthy vaginal flora across females of different origins, which contains more than 50 non-pathogenic organisms.…”

Section: Dysbiosis and The Urothelial Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Urogenital System’s Role in Diseases: A Synopsis

Zerdan

Moukarzel

Naji

et al. 2022

Cancers

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The human microbiota contains ten times more microbial cells than human cells contained by the human body, constituting a larger genetic material than the human genome itself. Emerging studies have shown that these microorganisms represent a critical determinant in human health and disease, and the use of probiotic products as potential therapeutic interventions to modulate homeostasis and treat disease is being explored. The gut is a niche for the largest proportion of the human microbiota with myriad studies suggesting a strong link between the gut microbiota composition and disease development throughout the body. More specifically, there is mounting evidence on the relevance of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the development of urinary tract disease including urinary tract infections (UTIs), chronic kidney disease, and kidney stones. Fewer emerging reports, however, are suggesting that the urinary tract, which has long been considered ‘sterile’, also houses its unique microbiota that might have an important role in urologic health and disease. The implications of this new paradigm could potentially change the therapeutic perspective in urological disease.

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“…This is critical because the human vaginal microbiota is uniquehumans are the only mammal known to have vaginal microbiotas that are often dominated by just a single bacterial species (i.e., one of four Lactobacillus spp. : principally L. crispatus or L. iners, and secondarily L. gasseri or L. jensenii) (59)(60)(61), and these microbiotas have been characterized into readily distinguishable vaginal community state types (CSTs) (62). These Lactobacillusdominant CSTs (CSTs I-III, and V) are generally perceived as being conducive to reproductive health.…”

Section: Abstract: Pregnancy Mouse Model Microbiome Rodentibacter Ora...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota of the pregnant mouse: characterization of the bacterial communities in the oral cavity, lung, intestine, and vagina through culture and DNA sequencing

Greenberg

Romero

Winters

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Mice are frequently used as animal models for mechanistic studies of infection and obstetrical disease, yet characterization of the murine microbiota during pregnancy is lacking. The objective of this study was to therefore characterize the microbiotas of distinct body sites of the pregnant mouse that harbor microorganisms that could potentially invade the murine amniotic cavity leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes: vagina, oral cavity, intestine, and lung. The microbiotas of these body sites were characterized through anoxic, hypoxic, and oxic culture, as well as through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. With the exception of the vagina, the cultured microbiotas of each body site varied with atmosphere, with the greatest diversity in the cultured microbiota appearing under anoxic conditions. Only cultures of the vagina were able to recapitulate the microbiota observed from direct DNA sequencing of body site samples, primarily due to the dominance of two Rodentibacter strains. Identified as R. pneumotropicus and R. heylii, these isolates exhibited dominance patterns similar to those of Lactobacillus crispatus and L. iners in the human vagina. Whole genome sequencing of these Rodentibacter strains revealed shared genomic features, including the ability to degrade glycogen, an abundant polysaccharide in the vagina. In summary, we report body site specific microbiotas in the pregnant mouse with potential ecological parallels to those of humans. Importantly, our findings indicate that the vaginal microbiota of pregnant mice can be readily cultured, suggesting that mock vaginal microbiotas can be tractably generated and maintained for experimental manipulation in future mechanistic studies of host vaginal-microbiome interactions.

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Vaginal microbiome: normalcy vs dysbiosis

Cited by 111 publications

References 70 publications

A More Diverse Cervical Microbiome Associates with Better Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Endometriosis: A Pilot Study

A More Diverse Cervical Microbiome Associates with Better Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Endometriosis: A Pilot Study

The Urogenital System’s Role in Diseases: A Synopsis

Microbiota of the pregnant mouse: characterization of the bacterial communities in the oral cavity, lung, intestine, and vagina through culture and DNA sequencing

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