Vaginal microbiomes show ethnic evolutionary dynamics and positive selection of Lactobacillus adhesins driven by a long-term niche-specific process

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“…In effect, the genomes of the same species had differences when isolated from different races. While they also observed similarly higher abundance of BV-associated bacteria in Black pregnant women than other races (higher alpha diversity and Shannon index), they established that the alpha diversity remained fairly constant over gestational time and across ethnicities (Wei et al, 2024). This is similar to our finding in which the differences between pregnant and non-pregnant cohorts' vaginal microbiome variations were marginal.…”

“…Indeed, the higher abundance of L. crispatus among non-pregnant and menopausal women, the absence of L. acidophilus in menopausal women, and the higher abundance of L. iners among pregnant women further show how the variations in hormones affect these species' relative abundance through changes in the hosts estrogenmedicated metabolisms (Auriemma et al, 2021). The higher abundance of L. crispatus and L. iners was been reported previously (Borgdorff et al, 2017;Wei et al, 2024).…”

“…Contrarily however, Roachford et al (2022) also found a higher abundance of L. crispatus and L. iners in African Americans than in other ethnicities (Roachford et al, 2022); nevertheless, most studies agree that Africans have lower Lactobacillus-rich microbiomes compared with White women. These racial and ethnic variations were examined recently by Xin Wei et al (2024) and found that the nucleotide identities of these vaginal denizens found in different ethnicities varied from each other, underscoring an evolutionary mechanism that explains these observed variations (Wei et al, 2024).…”

MicroWorldOmics: A “One step for All” desktop application for comprehensive analysis in microbiome and virome and exploring “Dark Matter” from MicroWorld

“…Normal mode, in this mode, the different isolates' sequences were aligned to the corresponding serotype sequences by BlastN V 2.15 [25] (evalue < 10-5), serotypes of each isolate was determined according to the comparison results. (2). Precise mode, in some special cases, such as S. suis, serotype 2 and serotype 1/2, serotype 1 and serotype 14 only differ in 161th amino acid of the cpk protein sequence.…”

“…𝐶: 𝑐 𝑖𝑗 = c𝑜𝑟(𝑂𝑇𝑈 𝑖 , 𝑂𝑇𝑈 𝑗 ) Where OUT i represents population i abundance and in this step, the Pearson correlation coefficient is implemented for subsequent analysis. (2). Computing adjacency difference matrix, different from traditional adjacency matrix in co-expression network construction, adjacency difference matrix mainly reflects the 𝛽 Where c A ij represents condition A, the intensity of interaction between OTU i and OTU j, c B ij represents condition B, the intensity of interaction between OTU i and OTU j, dij represents the difference of interaction intensity between out i and out j under two conditions (A and B), the higher the value is, the interaction intensity of OTU i and OTU j changes significantly under the two conditions.…”