Vaginal Mucosa – A Promising Site for Drug Therapy

Kale, Vinita

doi:10.9734/bjpr/2013/3895

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A convenient first approach to avoiding these complications is the vaginal route of administration. Advantages of administering drugs vaginally, as outlined in this review, include the presence of a highly vascularized mucosa, a large surface area, and the avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism [84][85][86][87]. Above, all, vaginal administration benefits from the uterine first-pass effect, which allows drugs introduced into the vagina to be transported by the vaginal-cervical-uterine portal vascular system, permitting high concentrations of vaginally administered drugs to reach target sites in the cervix and uterus, while low concentrations reach the systemic circulation [75][76][77][78][79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, as described in this review, there are several potential barriers related to the vaginal route of administration. These may include poor absorption [87,88], unfavorable effects on the vaginal microbiome [90,91] and the cervico-vaginal mucous layer--a thick natural barrier rich in glycoproteins and lipids preventing drugs introduced in the vaginal cavity from reaching their target sites in the gynecologic tract [78].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the vagina is permeable to a wide range of compounds, especially low molecular weight compounds [86], not all drugs conform to these optimal physiochemical properties and some of the innate characteristics of the vagina present a challenge that leads to poor absorption and suboptimal efficacy of a given drug. This can include the self-cleansing action of the vaginal tract [87,88], fluctuations in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium [89], and the microbial community that exists in the cervico-vaginal region [90,91] along with a myriad of other physiological factors. Standardized assessments of treatment efficacy with respect to structural and physiological biomarkers at the mucus-epithelial vaginal interface, vaginal microbiome, and composition of cervical-vaginal fluid are essential to ensure therapeutic objectives.…”

Section: Limitations Of Vaginal Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaginal Nanoformulations for the Management of Preterm Birth

Mir¹,

Patel²,

Vartak³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality in the world. In 2020, 1 in 10 infants were born prematurely in the United States. Globally, the World Health Or-ganization estimates 15 million infants are born prematurely. The efficacy of current ther-apeutic interventions for preterm birth have been called into question due to limited repli-cable success. Recent advancements in the field of nanomedicine have made it possible to utilize the vaginal administration route to effectively and locally deliver drugs to the fe-male reproductive tract. Also, studies using murine models have provided important in-sights about the cervix as a gatekeeper for pregnancy and parturition. It seems plausible that the field of reproductive biology is on the cusp of a paradigm shift in the context of treating preterm birth. The present review focuses on the complexities associated with treating the condition and novel therapeutics that have produced promising results in pre-clinical studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations Of Vaginal Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaginal Nanoformulations for the Management of Preterm Birth

Mir¹,

Patel²,

Vartak³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The vaginal mucous membrane consists mainly of water, inorganic salts, carbohydrates, lipids, salts, DNA, enzymes, and mucins. Its features resemble the properties of hydrogels [32,63,64]. Mucin belongs to glycoproteins and is responsible for the formation of a hydrogel layer on the external mucosa [62].…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of The Vaginamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems

et al. 2021

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The vagina has been considered a potential drug administration route for centuries. Most of the currently marketed and investigated vaginal formulations are composed with the use of natural or synthetic polymers having different functions in the product. The vaginal route is usually investigated as an administration site for topically acting active ingredients; however, the anatomical and physiological features of the vagina make it suitable also for drug systemic absorption. In this review, the most important natural and synthetic polymers used in vaginal products are summarized and described, with special attention paid to the properties important in terms of vaginal application. Moreover, the current knowledge on the commonly applied and innovative dosage forms designed for vaginal administration was presented. The aim of this work was to highlight the most recent research directions and indicate challenges related to vaginal drug administrations. As revealed in the literature overview, intravaginal products still gain enormous scientific attention, and novel polymers and formulations are still explored. However, there are research areas that require more extensive studies in order to provide the safety of novel vaginal products.

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“…These properties are considered to be advantageous in relation to drug absorption [3]. Currently; there is a variety of pharmaceutical products available on the market designed for intravaginal therapy (tablets, creams, suppositories, pessaries, foams, solutions, ointments and gels) [4]. However, their efficacy is often limited by a poor retention at the site of action due to the self-cleansing action of the vaginal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Evaluation of Vaginal Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System of Acyclovir

Mohite

Patel

Kayande³

2021

JPRI

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Acyclovir is an anti-viral, which has been used in the treatment of vaginal disorder. Acyclovir is almost completely absorbed after oral administration but has low bioavailability of about 10-15% because of first pass metabolism. As first pass metabolism removes approximately 85-90% of the drug, so for clinical efficacy of the drug it should be frequently administered. Hence an attempt has been made to produce sustained release dosage form of the acyclovir which can be specifically employed for the treatment of vaginal disordered by Herpes simplex virus. The Mucoadhesive tablets of acyclovir has been prepared by direct compression methods and evaluated for various parameter such as thickness, friability, hardness, drug content, weight variation, swelling index, surface pH, bioadhesive force, bioadhesive time, drug release etc. The kinetic data was applied to the optimized formulations. So formulation of acyclovir in a vaginal mucoadhesive tablet dosage form will decrease the frequency of administration, which can lead to an improvement in patient adherence and thereby improving its clinical efficacy.

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Vaginal Mucosa – A Promising Site for Drug Therapy

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Vaginal Nanoformulations for the Management of Preterm Birth

Vaginal Nanoformulations for the Management of Preterm Birth

Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems

Formulation and Evaluation of Vaginal Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System of Acyclovir

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