Vaginal ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length changes during normal pregnancy

Kushnir, Ori; Vigil, Debbie A.; Izquierdo, Luis A.; Schiff, Melissa A.; Curet, Luis B.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)91302-s

Cited by 113 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The present study has demonstrated that the mean cervical length of 37 mm was similar to that of other studies that measured cervical length at 20-24 weeks in low-risk populations in different settings (Table 6) (2,(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Relation of cervical length at 22-24 weeks of gestation to demographic characteristics and obstetric history

Palma-Dias

Fonseca²,

Stein

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Preterm delivery is the main cause of neonatal death and ultrasonographic cervical assessment has been shown to be more accurate than digital examination in recognizing a short cervix. This is a crosssectional study, involving 1131 women at 22-24 weeks of pregnancy, designed to determine the distribution of cervical length and to examine which variables of demographic characteristics and obstetric history increase the risk of a short cervix (15 mm or less). The distribution of maternal demographic and obstetric history characteristics among patients with cervical length ≤15 mm was analyzed and compared to the findings for the general population. Risk ratios (RR) between subgroups were generated from this comparison. Median cervical length was 37 mm and in 1.5% of cases it was 15 mm or less. The proportion of women with a short cervix (≤15 mm) was significantly higher among patients with a low body mass index (RR = 3.5) and in those with previous fetal losses between 16-23 weeks (RR = 33.1) or spontaneous preterm deliveries between 24-32 weeks (RR = 14.1). We suggest that transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length be performed as part of a routine midtrimester ultrasound evaluation. There are specific variables of demographic characteristics and obstetric history which increase the risk of detecting a short cervix at 22-24 weeks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Relation of cervical length at 22-24 weeks of gestation to demographic characteristics and obstetric history

Palma-Dias

Fonseca²,

Stein

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Results of other studies are more variable: some found that cervical length did not change during pregnancy 12 , others found a continuous decrease from 10 to 40 weeks 13 or from 17 to 37 weeks 20 , while others still 14 reported that the cervix became longer between 8 and 25 weeks and then shortened. In most studies cervical length did not differ between nulliparous and parous women 13,14,20,28,29 , however in some the cervix was longer in parous women 17,18 . The discrepant results may be explained by differences in measurement technique, study design, the period in gestation studied, the statistical methods used, and the interpretation of the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reference data representative of normal findings at two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional gray‐scale ultrasound examination of the cervix from 17 to 41 weeks' gestation

Rovas

Sladkevicius

Strobel

et al. 2005

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Objectives To create reference values representative of normal findings on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) examination of the cervix from 17 to 41 weeks' gestation and to determine the agreement between cervical measurements taken by 2D and 3D TVS. Methods results was expressed as the mean (± 2 SDs) difference between the results of the two methods and as the interclass correlation coefficient (inter-CC).Results There was excellent agreement between measurements taken by 3.9 (range, 1.0-6.1) cm, 3.0 (range, 0.4-5.7) cm and 0.8 (range, 0.4-3.4 17-30 weeks to 3.5 (range, 1.8-5.5) cm at 31-40 weeks and to 4.0 (range, 2.8-5.9) cm at 41 weeks. Cervical width was 3.7 (range, 2.3-6.0) cm at 17-30 weeks and 4.5 (range, 2.3-6.1) ) cm (results obtained by 3D ultrasound). Cervical AP diameter and width did not differ between nulliparous and parous women. Median AP diameter increased from 3.0 (range, 2.0-4.6) cm at

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“…Using transvaginal sonography, Kushnir and colleagues reported a longer cervical length in patients between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation than in patients both earlier and later in gestation. 5 They reported no linear relationship between gestational age and cervical length.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transvaginal sonography of cervical width and length during pregnancy

Smith¹,

Anderson²,

Matamoros³

et al. 1992

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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Transvaginal ultrasonography has been proposed as a reliable method of assessing dimensions of the cervix. The purpose of the current investigation was to establish normative data for cervical width and length during pregnancy. This information may be helpful in predicting patients at risk for preterm birth. A transvaginal 5 or 7.5 MHz transducer was used on 132 consecutive low‐risk pregnant women undergoing evaluation for gestational dating purposes. Even in cases of patient obesity or an empty bladder, high resolution was possible and permitted cervical measurement in all but one case. The external cervical width at the vaginal fornices was found to increase with advancing gestation (R = 0.512, P < 0.005). The cervical length from internal os to external os was found not to change with advancing gestation (R = 0.11, P = 0.30). Using these normative data, investigation is recommended to determine whether measuring cervical width and length is useful in predicting preterm labor and delivery.

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Vaginal ultrasonographic assessment of cervical length changes during normal pregnancy

Cited by 113 publications

References 3 publications

Relation of cervical length at 22-24 weeks of gestation to demographic characteristics and obstetric history

Relation of cervical length at 22-24 weeks of gestation to demographic characteristics and obstetric history

Reference data representative of normal findings at two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional gray‐scale ultrasound examination of the cervix from 17 to 41 weeks' gestation

Transvaginal sonography of cervical width and length during pregnancy

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