Validating a short form of the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and the Family Impact Scale (FIS) in Finnish language

Abstract

Aim This study aimed to adapt the short-form versions of the Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ), and the Family Impact Scale (FIS) in the Finnish language and to test its validity and reliability. Another aim was to compare the background factors of parents with respect to P-CPQ and FIS outcomes. Methods This study was conducted among a convenient sample of parents who visited the public dental clinic in Sievi, Finland, from May to October 2016. A total of 54 parents of 2–8-year-old children completed the short-form of the P-CPQ questionnaire and 50 parents of 2–8-year-olds completed the FIS questionnaire while visiting for their children’s routine dental check-up. Parents completed the self-administered P-CPQ and FIS questionnaires. Reliability and validity of the short-form of the P-CPQ and FIS were assessed. Differences between gender, and family size were evaluated using the Mann–Whitney U test and the differences between age groups were evaluated using the Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA test. Result The Finnish versions of both the short forms of the P-CPQ and FIS had alpha values within the acceptable range. The scales also showed good construct validity. Toddlers (2–4-year olds) had the highest scores for both the P-CPQ and FIS-8 subscales. Likewise, families with 5 or more children had high FIS scores. Conclusion The short form of the P-CPQ and FIS in Finnish language are valid and reliable. The oral health of the child seems to have the greatest family impact among parents with five or more children and in families with 2–4-year olds.

Validation of family impact scale to assess oral health-related quality of life in parents of Chilean preschoolers

“…Despite an acceptable global internal consistency observed for FIS, the sub-scales presented questionable or unacceptable values. This is in contrast with Peruvian [12], Brazilian [15], and Finnish [20] versions, in which good to high values were reported for both global and sub-scales. The domain with the lowest results was family conflicts.…”

“…Currently, FIS is the only instrument available to assess the impact of the oral health status of children on the quality of life of the family. To date, its' validity and reliability have been demonstrated in various English-speaking countries [13,14], and non-English speaking ones, including Brazil [15,16], Libya [17], India [18,19], Finland [20], and Peru [12]. Despite an acceptable global internal consistency observed for FIS, the sub-scales presented questionable or unacceptable values.…”

“…The scale was applied to parents of preschoolers attending public schools, so its' applicability in other socio-economic and age settings cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, most of the children evaluated in the study were under some type of dental treatment or follow-up due to dental care guaranteed by GES (garantías explícitas en salud, explicit health guarantee) program for every 6-year-old child, and special dental programs for under-6-year-old children in Chile [20]. This situation could affect the perceptions of parents, especially those related to PA and FB sections in FIS.…”

Behaviour management problems in Finnish children with operated congenital heart disease: a practice-based study

“…In future, studies are needed on this topic and also by using forms investigating dental fear, i.e. FIS, PCPD, which have been validated in Finnish (Keränen et al 2021 ). Finally, not all municipalities responded to our data requests.…”