Validating Social Force based Models with Comprehensive Real World Motion Data

Seer, Stefan; Rudloff, Christian; Matyus, Thomas; Brändle, Norbert

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2014.09.080

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A range of approaches for calibrating model parameters have been suggested [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. They compare models to empirical data at a microscopic level (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Calibration in Crowd Simulation Models using Approximate Bayesian Computation

Bode

2020

Coll Dyn

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Simulation models for pedestrian crowds are a ubiquitous tool in research and industry. It is crucial that the parameters of these models are calibrated carefully and ultimately it will be of interest to compare competing models to decide which model is best suited for a particular purpose. In this contribution, I demonstrate how Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), which is already a popular tool in other areas of science, can be used for model fitting and model selection in a pedestrian dynamics context. I fit two different models for pedestrian dynamics to data on a crowd passing in one direction through a bottleneck. One model describes movement in continuous-space, the other model is a cellular automaton and thus describes movement in discrete-space. In addition, I compare models to data using two metrics. The first is based on egress times and the second on the velocity of pedestrians in front of the bottleneck. My results show that while model fitting is successful, a substantial degree of uncertainty about the value of some model parameters remains after model fitting. Importantly, the choice of metric in model fitting can influence parameter estimates. Model selection is inconclusive for the egress time metric but supports the continuous-space model for the velocity-based metric. These findings show that ABC is a flexible approach and highlight the difficulties associated with model fitting and model selection for pedestrian dynamics. ABC requires many simulation runs and choosing appropriate metrics for comparing data to simulations requires careful attention. Despite this, I suggest ABC is a promising tool, because it is versatile and easily implemented for the growing number of openly available crowd simulators and data sets.

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“…A range of approaches for calibrating model parameters have been suggested [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. They compare models to empirical data at a microscopic level (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Calibration in Crowd Simulation Models using Approximate Bayesian Computation

Bode

2020

Coll Dyn

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“…Several experiments were conducted to investigate crowd performances and to build a welldocumented database. Empirical research does not only contain data of controlled experiments [9,12,13,14,7,15,2,1,8,5], but also data issued from field studies [4,3,21]. These empirical works capture relevant properties of the crowd in normal situations and for basic geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Quality Assessment of Space-Continuous Models for Pedestrian Dynamics

Kurtc

Chraibi

Tordeux

2019

Traffic and Granular Flow '17

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printed version. In this work we propose a methodology for assessment of pedestrian models continuous in space. With respect to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance between two data clouds, representing for instance simulated and the corresponding empirical data, we calculate an evaluation factor between zero and one. Based on the value of the herein developed factor, we make a statement about the goodness of the model under evaluation. Moreover this process can be repeated in an automatic way in order to maximize the above mentioned factor and hence determine the optimal set of model parameters.

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“…The SFM assumed that pedestrians were motivated by the self-driven force, repulsion force, and friction force, and successfully reproduced macroscopic behavior like ''arching'' and the ''faster-isslower effect''. 9,10 The SFM was further improved from the perspectives of self-driven force modification, 15,16,22 repulsion force modification, 17,18,24 and parameter calibration 11,[17][18][19]23 . Yang et al 15 used navigational force to model the effect of guides, and added parameters considering the effect of the vision field, excitement or nervousness, and the surrounding environment into the calculation of desired velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hou et al 16 modified the desired velocity of normal pedestrians to point to the nearest trained leaders, which enabled the reproduction of following behavior during evacuation. Seer et al 17,18 presented a data collection approach for studying pedestrian behavior, and subsequently calibrated the parameters of three modified SFMs based on empirical data. Kretz 19 proposed that the oscillation in the movement of pedestrians could be excluded if the model parameters fulfilled certain relations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of pedestrian flow with evading and surpassing behavior in a walking passageway

et al. 2017

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The pedestrian flow with evading and surpassing behavior in a walking passageway is simulated based on a modified social force model in order to explore the influence of this behavior on evacuation efficiency, bottleneck passing capacity, and the macroscopic phenomenon. A pair of conjugated self-driven forces is introduced to enable a pedestrian to avoid a direct collision and keep a normal velocity magnitude while confronting an obstacle. The pedestrian avoiding time is used to define the triggering conditions of evading and surpassing behavior, and has been estimated through practical experiments. Simulation results show that in a passageway without spatial obstacles, the evading and surpassing behavior will increase the evacuation time under the condition that the pedestrian number is larger than a critical value. Moreover, when a spatial obstacle exists, both the rise of pedestrian numbers and the decline of bottleneck width would increase the evacuation time. Meanwhile, it is observed that compared with a bar-shaped obstacle, a circle-shaped obstacle corresponds to a larger bottleneck passing capacity and less evacuation time when the size of the spatial obstacle is above a critical value. In addition, a phenomenon of a triangle ''evading region'' caused by the evading and surpassing behavior also can be observed before the spatial obstacle through simulation and experiments. Furthermore, it can be concluded that a circle-shaped obstacle corresponds to a stronger guiding function and a larger area of ''evading region'' compared with a bar-shaped one, and induces a relatively higher bottleneck passing capacity in a walking passageway.

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Validating Social Force based Models with Comprehensive Real World Motion Data

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

Parameter Calibration in Crowd Simulation Models using Approximate Bayesian Computation

Parameter Calibration in Crowd Simulation Models using Approximate Bayesian Computation

Automated Quality Assessment of Space-Continuous Models for Pedestrian Dynamics

Simulation of pedestrian flow with evading and surpassing behavior in a walking passageway

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