Validating the Instruments Measuring Blue Ocean Leadership Construct Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Abstract

This study aims to validate the research instrument measuring blue ocean leadership. This study implemented a cross-sectional research design. Quantitative data was gathered from 401 lecturers as respondent which across the 22 vocational colleges in North Zone of Malaysia which is Penang, Kedah, Perlis, and Perak using the structured survey. The data were used to validate the instruments by using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedure. The CFA procedure validates the instruments measuring Blue Ocean Leadership construct for uni-dimensionality, validity, and reliability. The finding indicated that the measurement model of the Blue Ocean Leadership construct achieved the requirement for construct validity and reliability and ought to be proficient to be applied by other researchers. Thus, this study validates instruments that can be used to access Blue Ocean Leadership among lecturers in vocational colleges in Malaysia. Further study should be conducted on the different zone of Malaysia as well as the private sector due to the aspect of demographic factors.

Examining students' academic motivation for studying programming languages

“…Consequently, from Table 5, the RMSEA value, which is 0.060, is deemed acceptable. Similarly, the value of χ 2 / df , less than 3.0, is considered acceptable (Collier, 2020; Ehido et al, 2022; Jian et al, 2020). Thus, from Table 5, the χ 2 / df value, which is 1.882, is deemed acceptable.…”

The Extent of Blue Ocean Leadership, Employee Engagement and Team Performance During Covid-19 Pandemic

“…It is uncontested that successful leadership is essential during global emergencies (Rubenstein, Bergin, & Rowe, 2020). Blue ocean leadership (BOL) claimed was capable of improving leadership strategies so that all employees are interested in furthering their company forward using their talents and energy (Jian, Yin, & Awang, 2020a;Oh, Khoo & Awang, 2020). While BOL has been evaluated and clarified to some degree in previous studies (Kim & Mauborgne, 2014;Zehra, 2015;Wan Hanafi, Daud & Baharin, 2016;Zakaria, Idris & Ismail, 2017;Wan Hanafi & Daud, 2019), however, the extent of blue ocean leadership in vocational college have not treated by researchers in much detail.…”