Validating the SAPROF with Forensic Mental Health Patients

Oziel, Sandra; Marshall, Lisa A.; Day, David M.

doi:10.1080/14789949.2020.1785525

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…13) (Dickens, 2017). The average SAPROF score of 15 points is comparable with other findings (Oziel, 2020). We see intercorrelation between the HoNOS-Secure and SAPROF external subscales, but only the external dimension of SAPROF was associated with the current state of participants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, it is argued that risk assessment tools alone have limited sensitivity to change (Kennedy, 2019). Using SAPROF improves the predictive value of HCR-20 for future violence by combining risk and protective factors, and this combination shows incremental predictive validity for institutional misconduct over HCR-20 (de Vogel, 2011Oziel, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting discharge from long-term forensic treatment: patients characteristics, protective factors, needs and treatment-related factors study in the Czechia

Páv

Sebalo

Vňuková

et al. 2022

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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One of the challenges in forensic psychiatry is determining when an inpatient is ready to be discharged and return to the community. The comprehension of factors that predict extended treatment or discharge is relatively limited. We assessed the treatment progress of a cohort of forensic inpatients divided into two groups: discharged patients and patients who remain detained. We derived socio-demographic and clinical variables from each patient's medical records and scores on the HoNOS-Secure, GAF, and SAPROF scales. The dataset was subjected to logistic regression and Chi-square analysis to determine the relevant factors. We gained insights into illness as a strong predictor of discharge, which is also associated with the patient's general compliance with the facility program and participation in occupational therapy. The majority of our sample has moderate or severe functional impairment according to GAF. The instruments used can capture dynamic factors related to discharge or continuing hospitalization, namely the SAPROF total or external factors score, the HoNOS-Secure subscale, and significant items from the HCR-20 clinical and risk subscales.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting discharge from long-term forensic treatment: patients characteristics, protective factors, needs and treatment-related factors study in the Czechia

Páv

Sebalo

Vňuková

et al. 2022

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Koo and Li’s (2016) conventions for interpreting ICCs, these values can be considered indicative of good to excellent interrater reliability. The remaining two articles reported Spearman rho (ρ = .83; Abidin et al, 2013) and Pearson r ( r = .86; Oziel et al, 2020) correlation coefficients for the SAPROF total score, which also indicate good to excellent reliability. Excluding studies conducted by authors involved in the tool’s development did not significantly alter the mean ICCs for the SAPROF (.79) and SAPROF-YV (.81).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF): A meta-analysis of its predictive and incremental validity.

Burghart¹,

Ruiter²,

Hynes³

et al. 2023

Psychological Assessment

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Although the inclusion of protective factors in risk assessment is believed to improve prediction, most risk assessment tools emphasize risk factors. In response, the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF) has been developed, which focuses exclusively on protective factors and is used in conjunction with a structured risk assessment tool. It has received increasing attention from both researchers and forensic mental health practitioners, and additional versions have been developed for use with adolescents (SAPROF-YV) and sex offenders (SAPROF-SO). To assess their psychometric performance, we conducted a meta-analysis of validation studies. Our final sample included 39 articles with 5,434 subjects from 16 countries. Overall, the SAPROF(-YV/-SO) showed good interrater reliability and moderate-to-good predictive performance for the absence of recidivism and institutional misconduct. All three instruments exhibited incremental validity when used in conjunction with a risk-focused assessment tool. Our meta-analysis additionally showed that changes on the SAPROF are associated with decreased violent and general recidivism after controlling for baseline risk. We also uncovered several shortcomings in current research with the SAPROF(-YV/-SO). Studies did not report calibration indices and most studies were retrospective and limited to male offenders. The present findings provide support for the relevance of protective factors in risk assessment, but future research should focus on their hypothesized role in treatment and risk management. Public Significance StatementThis meta-analysis shows that the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF), a risk assessment tool that focuses exclusively on protective factors, can significantly predict the absence of violent behavior in an institution and after discharge into the community. It highlights the importance of adding dynamic protective factors to structured risk assessment to lower the risk of future violence.

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“…Across these studies, the mean ICC was .80 (range = .65 -.93), which is considered good (Koo & Li, 2016). The remaining two studies reported Spearman rho (ρ = .83; Abidin et al, 2013) and Pearson r (r = .86; Oziel et al, 2020) correlation coefficients, which were excellent.…”

Section: Interrater Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 87%

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk (SAPROF): A Meta-Analysis of its Predictive and Incremental Validity

Burghart¹,

Ruiter²,

Hynes³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Although the inclusion of protective factors in risk assessment is believed to improve prediction, most risk assessment tools emphasize risk factors. One tool that attempts to balance risk factors with protective factors is the Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk (SAPROF). The SAPROF focuses exclusively on protective factors and is used in conjunction with a structured risk assessment tool. It has received increasing attention from both researchers and forensic mental health practitioners in recent years. To assess its psychometric performance, we conducted a meta-analysis of validation studies using random effects models. Our final sample included 22 studies with 3,216 subjects from 12 countries. Overall, the SAPROF showed good interrater reliability and moderate to good predictive performance for desistance from violence in terms of institutional misconduct and community recidivism. The instrument also exhibited incremental validity when used in conjunction with the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 (HCR-20). Despite these promising results, this meta-analysis also uncovered several shortcomings in current research on the SAPROF. Studies did not report data on calibration, thus failing to capture the full picture of the SAPROF’s predictive performance. Moreover, risk of bias across studies was high and findings are mostly restricted to male samples. Directions for future research and recommendations for the use of the SAPROF are offered.

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Validating the SAPROF with Forensic Mental Health Patients

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Predicting discharge from long-term forensic treatment: patients characteristics, protective factors, needs and treatment-related factors study in the Czechia

Predicting discharge from long-term forensic treatment: patients characteristics, protective factors, needs and treatment-related factors study in the Czechia

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF): A meta-analysis of its predictive and incremental validity.

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk (SAPROF): A Meta-Analysis of its Predictive and Incremental Validity

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