Validation and calibration of HeadCount, a self-report measure for quantifying heading exposure in soccer players

Catenaccio, Eva; Caccese, Jaclyn B.; Wakschlag, N.; Fleysher, Roman; Kim, N.; Kim, M.; Buckley, Thomas A.; Stewart, Walter F.; Lipton, Richard B.; Kaminski, Thomas W.; Lipton, Michael L.

doi:10.1080/15438627.2016.1234472

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Individual player self-report has also been used to estimate the frequency of heading impacts in youth, collegiate and amateur players. [75][76][77] Player self-report has been (very recently) shown to overestimate actual observed counts. 71 In that small study of 12 youth females over a 20-game season, the authors concluded 'all players overestimated the number of headers compared with game video.…”

Section: Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field; summary of the head injury summit held in April 2017 in New York City, New York

et al. 2019

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There has been an increased focus and awareness of head injury and sport-related concussion (SRC) across all sports from the medical and scientific communities, sports organisations, legislators, the media and the general population. Soccer, in particular, has been a focus of attention due to the popularity of the game, the frequency of SRC and the hypothesised effects of repetitive heading of the ball. Major League Soccer, US Soccer and the National Women’s Soccer League jointly hosted a conference entitled, ‘Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field’, on 21–22 April 2017 in New York City, New York. The mission of this conference was to identify, discuss and disseminate evidence-based science related to the findings and conclusions of the fifth International Conference on Concussion in Sport held by the Concussion in Sport Group and apply them to the sport of soccer. In addition, we reviewed information regarding the epidemiology and mechanism of head injuries in soccer at all levels of play, data regarding the biomechanics and effects of repetitive head impacts and other soccer-specific considerations. We discussed how to release the information raised during the summit to key stakeholders including athletes, parents, coaches and healthcare providers. We identified future areas for research and collaboration to enhance the health and safety of soccer (football) players.

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Section: Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field; summary of the head injury summit held in April 2017 in New York City, New York

et al. 2019

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“…In this study, we examined whether self-reported ( 11 , 28 , 32 , 33 ) unintentional head impacts or heading in a 2-week period explained variation in performance on a battery of NP tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heading Frequency Is More Strongly Related to Cognitive Performance Than Unintentional Head Impacts in Amateur Soccer Players

et al. 2018

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ObjectiveCompared to heading, unintentional head impacts (e.g., elbow to head, head to head, head to goalpost) in soccer are more strongly related to risk of moderate to very severe Central Nervous System (CNS) symptoms. But, most head impacts associated with CNS symptoms that occur in soccer are mild and are more strongly related to heading. We tested for a differential relation of heading and unintentional head impacts with neuropsychological (NP) test performance.MethodActive adult amateur soccer players were recruited in New York City and the surrounding areas for this repeated measures longitudinal study of individuals who were enrolled if they had 5+ years of soccer play and were active playing soccer 6+ months/year. All participants completed a baseline validated questionnaire (“HeadCount-2w”), reporting 2-week recall of soccer activity, heading and unintentional head impacts. In addition, participants also completed NP tests of verbal learning, verbal memory, psychomotor speed, attention, and working memory. Most participants also completed one or more identical follow-up protocols (i.e., HeadCount-2w and NP tests) at 3- to 6-month intervals over a 2-year period. Repeated measures General Estimating Equations (GEE) linear models were used to determine if variation in NP tests at each visit was related to variation in either heading or unintentional head impacts in the 2-week period before testing.Results308 players (78% male) completed 741 HeadCount-2w. Mean (median) heading/2-weeks was 50 (17) for men and 26 (7) for women. Heading was significantly associated with poorer performance on psychomotor speed (p < 0.001) and attention (p = 0.02) tasks and was borderline significant with poorer performance on the working memory (p = 0.06) task. Unintentional head impacts were not significantly associated with any NP test. Results did not differ after excluding 22 HeadCount-2w with reported concussive or borderline concussive symptoms.ConclusionPoorer NP test performance was consistently related to frequent heading during soccer practice and competition in the 2 weeks before testing. In contrast, unintentional head impacts incurred during soccer were not related to cognitive performance.

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“…61 Lipton et al further created self-report measures to estimate heading in soccer, known as the HeadCount or HeadCount-2w, which have predicted acute functional brain alterations in active soccer players. 36,38,62,63 Continued development and validation of RHI exposure measures across the different sports will greatly facilitate research on the short-and long-term neurologic effects of RHI. Exposure to RHI: The Importance of When Not all individuals exposed to RHI develop CTE and individual exposure differences may influence the pathological development of CTE.…”

Section: In Vivo Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Proposed Framework

et al. 2020

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that has been neuropathologically diagnosed in contact and collision sport athletes, military veterans, and others with a history of exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI). Identifying methods to diagnose and prevent CTE during life is a high priority. Timely diagnosis and implementation of treatment and preventative strategies for neurodegenerative diseases, including CTE, partially hinge upon early and accurate risk characterization. Here, we propose a framework of risk factors that influence the neuropathological development of CTE. We provide an up-to-date review of the literature examining cumulative exposure to RHI as the environmental trigger for CTE. Because not all individuals exposed to RHI develop CTE, the direct and/or indirect influence of nonhead trauma exposure characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race, genetics) on the pathological development of CTE is reviewed. We conclude with recommendations for future directions, as well as opinions for preventative strategies that could mitigate risk.

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Validation and calibration of HeadCount, a self-report measure for quantifying heading exposure in soccer players

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field; summary of the head injury summit held in April 2017 in New York City, New York

Head Injury in Soccer: From Science to the Field; summary of the head injury summit held in April 2017 in New York City, New York

Heading Frequency Is More Strongly Related to Cognitive Performance Than Unintentional Head Impacts in Amateur Soccer Players

Risk Factors for Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Proposed Framework

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