Validation and quantitative analysis of cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead in snake fruit by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

Abstract

Snake fruit or known as Salak is one of the favourite fruits and is consumed not only in Indonesia but also in the worldwide. The fruit may be contaminated with heavy toxic metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The purpose of this study was to validate inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in snake fruit. ICP-AES was validated by determining several validation parameters which included linearity and range, limit of detection and limit of quantification, precision, and accuracy. The validated method was further used for assay of these metals in snake fruit. The results showed that ICP-AES was linear over the concentration ranges of 0.025-1.0 µg/mL for Cd, Cr, and Ni and 0.050-1.0 µg/mL for Cu and Pb, respectively. The values of coefficient of determination (r 2 ) obtained for these regressions were higher than 0.99. The values of limit of detection (LoD) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb found were at 0.0010 µg/mL, 0.0024 µg/mL, 0.0047 µg/mL, 0.0037 µg/mL, and 0.0091 µg/mL respectively, while limits of quantitation were of 0.0030 µg/mL (Cd), 0.0073 µg/mL (Cr), 0.0143 µg/mL (Cu), 0.0113 µg/mL (Ni), and 0.0274 µg/ mL (Pb), respectively. The validated method was accurate and precise enough for determination of these heavy metals in snake fruit samples as indicated by acceptable values of recovery and low relative standard deviation (RSD) values. The developed method has been successfully used for determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb levels commercially available in the markets and farms.

Determination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Floodbasin Soils in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria

“…The mean percent recoveries for the studied metals in the spiked sample ranged between 89.36 and 97.70%, which falls within the acceptable recovery value range of 80-120% for metal analysis [28]. The % RSD for precision determination ranged from 0.79 to 4.65% (Table 4), which was under the acceptable limits of ≤ 11% [39]. The coefficient of variation (CV) was further used to monitor precision.…”

Archaeometallurgical characterisation of ancient copper slags from pre‐Harappan site, Kunal, India

“…Measurement of the relative standard deviation of the data was helpful in ICP‐MS assessment and understanding the precision of the analytical procedure. 25 Fourteen analytes and 5 liquid internal standards were obtained for the acquisition of the data (Table 3 ). All the analytes were selected based on the detected elements in SEM‐EDX analysis.…”

The Effect of Sunlight Exposure on Physicochemical Properties of Plastic Bottled Water at Al-Mogran Station in Khartoum State, Sudan

“…An ICPE typically involves some components like sample introduction system, ICPE torch, high frequency generator, transfer optics and spectrometer, and computer interface. [18][19][20][21] The current paper aimed to detect and calculate the concentrations of macro, micro, toxic, and radioactive metals minerals before and after exposure to the selected sample to the normal sunlight which was taken from Al-Mogran Station in the Blue Nile River at Khartoum State, Sudan at the end of the fall season 2019.…”