Validation and Reliability Testing of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP): Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in Pakistani School-Going Children

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop an Urdu version of Child-Oral Impact on Daily Performance (C-OIDP) and assess its reliability and validity for children’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) assessment in Pakistan. Methods: A total of 200 school-going children aged 11–14 were recruited from two public schools. For the adaptation process, the original English version of C-OIDP was translated into Urdu, reviewed by an expert committee, back-translated into Urdu, and then reviewed again by the same expert committee and pilot tested on 10 children. A clinical examination was carried out to record dental and gingival status followed by a face-to-face interview to measure oral health-related quality of life in children using C-OIDP-U. Reliability, internal consistency, construct and discriminant validity were assessed. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for C-OIDP-U was 0.69, the mean C-OIDP-U score was 10.2 ± 8.1 and 77.3% of the children reported at least one oral impact. Eating (40.3%) and difficulty in cleaning mouth (38.7%) were the two most impacted daily performances. For construct validity, the associations were significant between the C-OIDP-U score and all subjective oral health measures (p < 0.001). For discriminant validity, a significant association was observed between the C-OIDP-U score and clinical oral variables, children with DMFT + dmft ≥ 1, Gingival index > 1 and having malocclusion reported a higher C-OIDP-U score when compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: This study showed that C-OIDP is a valid, reliable and efficient instrument of OHRQoL for use in Pakistani children.

Psychometric properties of the Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (C-OIDP) index: a cross-sectional and an intervention study of adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…Furthermore, the external reliability of index revealed that the value of ICC and weighted kappa were 0.85 and 0.87 respectively, indicated a good agreement. This is consistent with previous studies conducted in United Kingdom and Pakistan [ 8 , 14 ].…”

“…The most impacted daily performances were “eating” and “speaking”, reported by 38.4% and 25.1% of the participants respectively. These results are in line with other studies conducted in Turkey [ 13 ], Nepal [ 10 ] and Pakistan [ 14 ], where “eating” was reported as the most prevalent difficulty. On the other hand, Arumrahayu et al [ 11 ] found that “cleaning teeth” was the most impacted daily performance.…”

“…The prevalence of oral impact on daily performance was high, as 63.4% of Bosnian participants reported at least one daily activity being affected in the last three months. This is similar to studies in Indonesia (64.9%) [ 11 ] and Italy (66.8%) [ 9 ], lower than in the studies in Turkey [ 13 ] and Pakistan [ 14 ], but higher than in some previous studies [ 8 , 10 , 12 ]. These differences may occur due to socio-cultural differences or different disease levels between the population evaluated.…”

“…All inter-item correlations were positive and all item- total correlations were above 0.20 [ 29 ]. The Cronbach’s alpha was higher than the values obtained in other cultural settings [ 8 , 9 , 12 – 14 ], indicating excellent psychometric properties compared with the standard recommended level of 0.7 [ 30 ]. The Cronbach’s alpha values were described in the literature as excellent (0.9), good (0.8), acceptable (0.7), moderate (0.6), not satisfactory (0.4) and low (0.1) [ 31 ].…”

Psychometric Properties of the Iowa Fluoride Study Oral Health Questionnaire in Mexican Adolescents

“…It has been used in Mexico to assess the impact of caries and fluorosis in adolescents aged 11 to 12 years [21]. A questionnaire may have good or acceptable reliability in a sample of subjects but not necessarily in another population group or a different region, even in the same country; it is, therefore, desirable to consider the properties [35] and the differential performance of each item. Differences have been observed in responses to items in the FL, SW, and EW dimensions by ethnicity [36].…”