“…They are comprised of performance tests and diagnostic tests. Performance tests are designed to measure diverse forms of students' performance on physics learning, including cognitive test [97], higher order thinking skills (HOTS) [95,158,159], critical thinking skill [160], representation [161][162][163][164][165][166], data literacy [167], digital literacy [168], science process skills [169,170], problem solving skills [171,172], inductive thinking [173], visual literacy [174], communication skills [175], analytical thinking skills [176], and scientific literacy [177]. Moreover, several diagnos-tic tests are also established by the Indonesian PER authors to detect potential students' misconceptions [178][179][180][181][182], lack of representation ability [183][184][185], lack of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) [186], lack of critical thinking skills [160], lack of problem-solving skills [184], lack of data literacy [187], as well as the lack of understanding throughout astronomy class [188].…”