Validation of a CFD Model by Using 3D Sonic Anemometers to Analyse the Air Velocity Generated by an Air-Assisted Sprayer Equipped with Two Axial Fans

García-Ramos, F. Javier; Malón, Hugo; Aguirre, A. Javier; Boné, Antonio; Puyuelo, Javier Ascaso; Vidal, Mariano

doi:10.3390/s150202399

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As mentioned above, ISO 22866:2005 was mainly devised for to be applied for field crop drift measurements (Tavares et al, 2017), even if several attempts for drift measurements in orchard/vineyard sprayers have been developed in the last years (García-Ramos et al, 2015;Grella et al, 2017) however, its application to the case of large, isolated and irregular trees, such as traditional olive trees plantations, represents additional difficulties and considerable requirements for its adaptation. In this research, a specific protocol was developed such that all of the requirements set out in the standard were satisfied while including the specific characteristics of the crop.…”

Section: Main Changes Related To Hedgerow Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First attempts to obtain a reference drift curve for traditional olive grove's plantations following ISO 22866

Gil

Llorens

Gallart

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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The current standard for the field measurements of spray drift (ISO 22866) is the only official standard for drift measurements in field conditions for all type of crops, including bushes and trees. A series of field trials following all the requirements established in the standard were arranged in a traditional olive grove in Córdoba (south of Spain). The aims of the study were to evaluate the applicability of the current standard procedure to the particular conditions of traditional olive trees plantations, to evaluate the critical requirements for performing the tests and to obtain a specific drift curve for such as important and specific crop as olive trees in traditional plantations, considering the enormous area covered by this type of crop all around the world. Results showed that the field trials incur a very complex process due to the particular conditions of the crop and the very precise environmental requirements. Furthermore, the trials offered a very low level of repeatability as the drift values varied significantly from one spray application to the next, with the obtained results being closely related to the wind speed, even when considering the standard minimum value of 1 m·s. The collector's placement with respect to the position of the isolated trees was determined as being critical since this substantially modifies the ground deposit in the first 5 m. Even though, a new drift curve for olive trees in traditional plantation has been defined, giving an interesting tool for regulatory aspects. Conclusions indicated that a deep review of the official standard is needed to allow its application to the most relevant orchard/fruit crops.

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Section: Main Changes Related To Hedgerow Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First attempts to obtain a reference drift curve for traditional olive grove's plantations following ISO 22866

Gil

Llorens

Gallart

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Commonly, that operating manuals that are provided with sprayers do not offer information on the characteristics of generated air flow [23]. By contrast, the fan setting directly affects treatment quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sprayer Axial Fan Layout Affecting Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions

et al. 2020

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Agricultural practices that make use of variable-rate (VR) distribution, introduced by precision agriculture (PA), are based on many points of variability which obtain different and modular effects that can affect the efficacy and environmental impact of the treatment performed. The aim of the present research was to study the effect of different structural combinations of an agricultural sprayer on the required power, fuel consumption, and carbon emissions. The studied machine was equipped with a mechanical device that regulated the air outlet section in three openings. The fan was tested in five blade angles and in two gear ratios. The power requirement (kW) was calculated using a torque-meter. Moreover, fuel consumption (L h−1), energy demand (MJ L−1), and carbon emissions (kg CO2eq kg−1) were calculated by the power consumption of each test. The results showed that all components of the layout and their interaction influenced consumption and, consequently, emissions. In order to mitigate the environmental impact of treatments, the outcomes suggest the possibility of implementing this study into algorithms that make setup choices during distribution.

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“…In numerical predictive methods, hydrodynamic forces are determined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In recent years, CFD simulation techniques have matured to achieve a high level of accuracy [25] and have been employed more and more extensively for analyzing the hydrodynamic force of underwater robots or propellers. One example can be found in [24], where the drag force of an underwater disk robot was predicted utilizing CFD and validation of the CFD results was carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic Analysis-Based Modeling and Experimental Verification of a New Water-Jet Thruster for an Amphibious Spherical Robot

Hou

Guo

Shi

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Thrusters are the bottom actuators of the amphibious spherical robot, and play an important role in the motion control of these robots. To realize accurate motion control, a thrust model for a new water-jet thruster based on hydrodynamic analyses is proposed in this paper. First, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the new thruster were numerically analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) commercial software CFX. The moving reference frame (MRF) technique was utilized to simulate propeller rotation. In particular, the hydrodynamics of the thruster were studied not only in the axial flow but also in oblique flow. Then, the basic framework of the thrust model was built according to hydromechanics theory. Parameters in the basic framework were identified through the results of the hydrodynamic simulation. Finally, a series of relevant experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the thrust model. These proved that the thrust model-based simulation results agreed well with the experimental results. The maximum error between the experimental results and simulation results was only 7%, which indicates that the thrust model is precise enough to be utilized in the motion control of amphibious spherical robots.

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Validation of a CFD Model by Using 3D Sonic Anemometers to Analyse the Air Velocity Generated by an Air-Assisted Sprayer Equipped with Two Axial Fans

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

First attempts to obtain a reference drift curve for traditional olive grove's plantations following ISO 22866

First attempts to obtain a reference drift curve for traditional olive grove's plantations following ISO 22866

Sprayer Axial Fan Layout Affecting Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions

Hydrodynamic Analysis-Based Modeling and Experimental Verification of a New Water-Jet Thruster for an Amphibious Spherical Robot

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