OBJECTIVE -To review key advances in the behavioral science literature related to psychosocial issues and therapies for persons with diabetes, to discuss barriers to research progress, and to make recommendations for future research.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Key findings from the literature on psychosocial research in diabetes are reviewed separately for children and adults. Specific issues covered include psychosocial adjustment and psychiatric disorders, neurocognitive functioning, quality of life, and psychosocial therapies. Barriers that must be addressed to allow research in this area to progress are discussed. Recommendations are then made concerning high-priority areas for advancing research in the field.CONCLUSIONS -A substantial amount of behavioral science research has demonstrated that psychosocial factors play an integral role in the management of diabetes in both children and adults. Research has also shown the efficacy of a number of psychosocial therapies that can improve regimen adherence, glycemic control, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. More research in this area is needed to develop psychosocial intervention programs for specific patient populations and to demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of these approaches.
Diabetes Care 24:1286 -1292, 2001T his study presents the summary and recommendations of the Psychosocial Therapies Working Group, originally presented at the conference on Behavioral Science Research in Diabetes, held in November 1999, at the National Institutes of Health. In this study, we first highlight the significance of psychosocial issues in diabetes care and key advances in the field separately for children, adolescents, and adults. This review of the literature in this area is not intended to be detailed and comprehensive; several other literature reviews of behavioral and psychosocial research in diabetes have been published in recent years (1-4). Our objective is to provide examples of key findings from the field of behavioral research addressing psychosocial issues and therapies. We then discuss barriers to research progress and conclude with specific recommendations for future research.
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
SignificanceThe incidence of type 1 diabetes in young children has increased in recent years (5,6). In addition, the incidence of type 2 diabetes has been increasingly recognized in older children and adolescents, often in association with obesity (7). Large numbers of children are currently affected by diabetes, and many more will be affected by diabetes in the future.Diabetes imposes considerable demands on children and their families. Because they are coping with normal developmental challenges, the additional burden of diabetes may be difficult for many children to deal with effectively. Especially burdensome may be the demands of intensive management. With children as patients, families play a significant role in diabetes management and are instrumental in the implementation of interventions. Diabetes can adversely affect both psychosocial and...