Validation of a digit symbol substitution test for use in supervised and unsupervised assessment in mild Alzheimer’s disease

Williamson, Michael P.; Maruff, Paul; Schembri, Adrian; Cummins, Hannah; Bird, Laura; Rosenich, Emily; Lim, Yen Ying

doi:10.1080/13803395.2023.2179977

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…The Complex Figure Test (CFT) and CFT-delay [ 22 ] assess visual perception, visuomotor integration, and visuospatial recall. The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) [ 23 ] is commonly used to assess the ability to switch attention and information processing. The Digital Span Test (DST) [ 24 ] is a measurement of attention and short-term memory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Brain Triple-Network Effective Connectivity Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Zhang,

Yin,

Chen

et al. 2024

Diabetes Ther

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Introduction Aberrant brain functional connectivity network is thought to be related to cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to investigate the triple-network effective connectivity patterns in patients with T2DM within and between the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN) and their associations with cognitive declines. Methods In total, 92 patients with T2DM and 98 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Spectral dynamic causal modeling (spDCM) was used for effective connectivity analysis within the triple network. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and anterior insula (AINS) were selected as the regions of interest. Group comparisons were performed for effective connectivity calculated using the fully connected model, and the relationships between effective connectivity alterations and cognitive impairment as well as clinical parameters were detected. Results Compared to HCs, patients with T2DM exhibited increased or decreased effective connectivity patterns within the triple network. Furthermore, diabetes duration was significantly negatively correlated with increased effective connectivity from the r-LPFC to the mPFC, while body mass index (BMI) was significantly positively correlated with increased effective connectivity from the l-LPFC to the l-AINS ( r = − 0.353, p = 0.001; r = 0.377, p = 0.004). Conclusion These results indicate abnormal effective connectivity patterns within the triple network model in patients with T2DM and provide new insight into the neurological mechanisms of T2DM and related cognitive dysfunction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Brain Triple-Network Effective Connectivity Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Zhang,

Yin,

Chen

et al. 2024

Diabetes Ther

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Effect of moderate-intensity aquatic treadmill exercise on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow for healthy older adults

So,

Cheung,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Experimental Gerontology

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Association of Depression and Cognitive Performance in US Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data Using NHANES 2013–2014

Yao,

Ni,

Wei

et al. 2024

Eur Neurol

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Introduction Depression has been associated with cognitive performance, but whether socio-demographic and clinical characteristics might influence this association is not well elaborated. This study aimed to further explore this relationship in older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study is based on data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. 1433 individuals with complete information on depressive symptoms and cognitive function variables were included in this study. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) score ≥ 10 as the cutoff to identify cases of depression in our study. We defined poor cognitive performance as a composite cognitive score < 47. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of depression with cognitive performance (Model 1). We progressively adjusted the covariates as confounders (Model 2: Model 1+age, and gender; Model 3: Model 2+race, education level, family income, drinking, and smoking; Model 4: Model 3+overweight, arthritis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and cancer). We then conducted subgroup, interaction, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses to examine this association. Results The prevalence of poor cognitive performance was 36.6% (53/145) in the depression group and 14.1% (182/1288) in the non-depression group. In the fully adjusted model, depression was significantly associated with poor cognitive performance (adjusted odds ratio=2.25; 95% CI: 1.31–3.81). The results were robust to sensitivity analyses. Gender and education level may modify the association between depression and poor cognitive performance. RCS analysis revealed that the PHQ-9 score was related to poor cognitive performance in a nonlinear manner (P for nonlinearity < 0.001), and exhibited a J-shaped curve. Conclusion Depression is associated with poor cognitive performance in US older adults. Early recognition and treatment of depression may be potential intervention strategies to protect cognitive health.

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Validation of a digit symbol substitution test for use in supervised and unsupervised assessment in mild Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Aberrant Brain Triple-Network Effective Connectivity Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aberrant Brain Triple-Network Effective Connectivity Patterns in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Effect of moderate-intensity aquatic treadmill exercise on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow for healthy older adults

Association of Depression and Cognitive Performance in US Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data Using NHANES 2013–2014

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