Validation of a Dry Electrode System for EEG

Estepp, Justin R.; Christensen, James C.; Monnin, Jason W.; Davis, Iris; Wilson, Glenn F.

doi:10.1518/107118109x12524443346077

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Interesting direct-contact non skin invasive dry electrodes are the arrays of metallic pins [14,1,15], that have the advantage of being able to go through the hair of most of the subjects (2 subjects out of 7 reported in [1] as excluded from the experiment on this ground).…”

Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…without signal amplification and impedance adapter on site), that improves existing pin-based non skin invasive dry EEG electrodes [14,1,15] in that it reduces the reported discomfort by distributing the pressure on the skin of the scalp more uniformly and more flexibly. The novelty consists in using flexible conductive bristles instead of pins.…”

Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Voinescu²,

2011

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In this paper we present a new low-cost dry electrode for EEG, that is made of flexible metal-coated polymer bristles. We examine various standard EEG paradigms, such as capturing occipital alpha rhythms, testing for event related potentials in an auditory oddball paradigm and perform a sensory motor rhythm-based event-related (de-) synchronization paradigm to validate the performance of the novel electrodes in terms of signal quality. Our findings suggest, that the dry electrodes we developed result in high quality EEG recordings and are thus suitable for a wide range of EEG studies and BCI applications. Furthermore, due to the flexibility of the novel electrodes a higher comfort is achieved in some subjects, this being essential for long-term use. Background and ObjectiveWhile there has been a recent surge in dry electrode technology with many groups starting research in this domain [1,2,3], dry electrodes have already been proposed since the early 90's [4,5], early pioneering work of capacitive electrodes had already begun in the early 70's [6]. The miniaturization of EEG equipment [7] as well as the wearability and convenience of novel EEG systems will be a vital factor in determining whether EEG-based related BCI technology will be accepted by the wider community and thus gain wide-spread use. Being able to measure high-quality EEG signals through hair, while at the same time not posing any health risks is also very important.Classic gel-based electrodes present a number of inconveniences that have prevented this spread so far. For one there is the time-consuming setup of an EEG cap, but also the gel is wet, it may dry up and requires washing of the hair after use. In addition the drying up gel can lead to varying impedances and the need of periodical recalibration, making long-term monitoring more difficult.

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Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Voinescu²,

2011

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“…The performance of the notch filter is worse, particularly for the low 5 Hz impedance measurement. To put these figures in context, typical correlation coefficients when comparing the performance of different EEG electrode types are: >0.93 [10]; 0.89 [11]; 0.83 [12]; 0.81-0.98 [13]; 0.68-0.90 [14]; 0.39-0.85 [15]. Using both in-band impedance methods the correlation coefficients are larger than these, indicating a minimal loss of information, equivalent to changing the electrode type used.…”

Section: Performance Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards signal processing assisted hardware for continuous in-band electrode impedance monitoring (Invited paper)

Kohli

Casson

2017

2017 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Abstract-Maintaining low and stable electrode contact impedances is critical for obtaining high quality signals in out-ofthe-lab EEG units. Current EEG units measure the impedance of the electrode contacts by injecting an out-of-band, typically 1 kHz, current into the head. This high frequency component is easily isolated from the true EEG to avoid introducing artifacts, but does not give direct information on the contact impedance at the wanted cortical frequencies, typically at 5-30 Hz. This paper investigates two techniques for allowing simultaneous impedance measurements at 5-30 Hz for the first time. One method uses digital processing for removing the EEG artifact that continuous in-band impedance monitoring produces. The other uses a new 36 nW notch filter for removing the interference. Both are shown to allow impedance monitoring at 5-30 Hz while leaving minimal residual artifacts in the collected EEG traces.

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“…Typical values reported are: >0.93 [3]; 0.89 [22]; 0.83 [23]; 0.81-0.98 [15]; 0.68-0.90 [16]; 0.39-0.85 [24]. For greater acceptance of dry electrodes the wider reporting of the second order electrode properties is essential.…”

Section: Electrode Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Noise-Enhanced Augmented Cognition

Casson

2013

Foundations of Augmented Cognition

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Abstract. Workload classification Augmented Cognition systems aim to detect when an operator is in a high or low workload state, and then to modify their work flow and operating environment based upon this knowledge. This paper reviews state-of-the-art electroencephalography (EEG) recorders for use in such systems and investigates the impact of EEG noise on an example system performance. It is found that adding up to 15 µV RMS of artificially generated noise still leaves EEG signals that have correlations in-line with the correlations found between conventional wet EEG electrodes and new dry electrodes. The workload classification system is found to be robust in the presence of small amounts of noise, and there is initial evidence of small stochastic resonance effects whereby better performance can actually be obtained in the noisy case compared to the traditional noise-less case.

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Validation of a Dry Electrode System for EEG

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Bristle-sensors—low-cost flexible passive dry EEG electrodes for neurofeedback and BCI applications

Towards signal processing assisted hardware for continuous in-band electrode impedance monitoring (Invited paper)

Towards Noise-Enhanced Augmented Cognition

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