Validation of a highly integrated SiPM readout system with a TOF-PET demonstrator

Niknejad, T.; Setayeshi, Saeed; Tavernier, S.; Bugalho, R.; Ferramacho, L.; Francesco, A. Di; Leong, C.; Rolo, Manuel; Shamshirsaz, Mahnaz; Silva, J.C.; Silva, R.; Silveira, M.; Zorraquino, Carlos; Varela, J.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/11/12/p12003

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…both cases, most of the recorded lines-of-response present CTR values around 800 ps full width half maximum (FWHM). This is a poor time resolution for a TOF-PET system and is not in agreement with the previous time resolution reported for this system [13]. The reason for having a different time resolution in this experiment is the need to deactivate the SW post-processing which corrects the event timestamps offline.…”

Section: % Of the Total Number Of Block Ram Tiles In The Devicecontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Given the status of the EndoTOFPET-US system at the time when this study took place, which was pending for commissioning and calibration, we decided to test the filter performance on a similar but fully functional system, the PETsys Electronics demonstrator [13]. This PET system uses the same readout electronics as the EndoTOFPET-US scanner, but the system is arranged according to a different geometry.…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Online energy discrimination at DAQ front-end level on pixelated TOF-PET systems

Zorraquino,

Ferramacho,

Bugalho

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pixelated positron emission tomography (PET) systems produce higher count rates than traditional block detectors because they integrate several detecting channels per detector module. An increased data flow from the detectors leads to higher bandwidth requirements. We aim to optimize the bandwidth usage efficiency by on-the-fly filtering of detected events for non-valid energies. PET systems with a SiPM-ASIC readout scheme are being extensively used to obtain enhanced images on time-of-flight PET scanners. Such digital readout systems are especially interesting for the application of online processing techniques given the ease of access to the digital information of each detected event. This study analyzes online processing techniques at the DAQ front-end level (on-detector electronics) for pixelated PET systems with SiPM-ASIC readout. In particular, we worked with a tunable online energy discriminating stage. For the optimization of its hardwired internal limits, we analyzed the system energy space. We explored various solutions, some of which are dependent on the system's energy calibration, whereas others were not. Results obtained through the application of various filter versions confirm the minimal resources consumption of such processing techniques implemented at the DAQ front-end level. Our experiments demonstrate how the filtering process reduces the bandwidth needs by excluding all non-valid energy events from the data stream, thus improving the system sensitivity under saturation conditions. Additionally, these experiments highlight how setting proper energy limits can ensure preservation of the system performance, which maintains its original energy and time resolution. In light of these findings, we see great potential for the application of online processing techniques for time-of-flight PET at the DAQ font-end level (on-detector electronics); therefore, we envisage the development of more complex processing methods.

show abstract

Section: % Of the Total Number Of Block Ram Tiles In The Devicecontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online energy discrimination at DAQ front-end level on pixelated TOF-PET systems

Zorraquino,

Ferramacho,

Bugalho

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The motivation for this project was to develop a 3D image reconstruction software for our recent developed PET demonstrator with partial ring geometry which is a test machine for the next generation of organ specific PET scanners, e.g. for breast imaging with partial ring design [1]. This machine is stationary, so the angular coverage is not complete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of 3D model-based maximum-likelihood estimation of normalisation factors for partial ring positron emission tomography

Niknejad

Tavernier²,

Varela³

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS/MIC/R

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The next generation of organ specific Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners, e.g. for breast imaging, will use partial ring geometries. We propose a component-based Maximum-Likelihood (ML) estimation of normalisation factors for 3D PET data reconstruction applicable to partial ring geometries. This method is based on the Software for Tomographic Image Reconstruction (STIR) for full ring PET and is validated for a stationary partial ring scanner. The model includes the estimation for crystal efficiencies and geometric factors. The algorithm is validated using Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method (MLEM) based 3D reconstruction in STIR using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) simulation data for full and partial ring scanners and experimental data from a demonstrator with partial ring geometry. The uniformity of the reconstructed images of simulated cylindrical and NEMA-IQ phantoms in both scanner geometries and the image of a line source in the partial ring demonstrator is assessed. The results have shown that uniform images in both axial and transaxial directions are obtained after applying the estimated normalisation factors. The accuracy of the algorithm is validated by comparing the normalisation factors between the full and partial ring systems in simulation. We have shown that the estimated normalisation factors are almost identical, even though the separate components are not. This proves that the ML estimation of the 3D normalisation factors is valid and can be applied to the partial ring scanner.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the location of positron annihilation can be constrained. This procedure has known as time of flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOF-PET) [1][2][3][4][5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for Optimizing the Size of Axial FOV in TOF-PEM to Improve Performance of the Scanner

2023

J Biomed Phys Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) is a nuclear medicine imaging tool, playing a significant role in the diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. These days, many research has been done in order to improve the performance of this system.Objective: This study aims to propose a new method for optimizing the size of axial Field of View (FOV) in PEMs and improving the performance of the systems. Material and Methods:In this analytical study, a conventional Inveon PET is simulated using GATE in order to validate the simulation. For this simulation, the mean relative difference is 2.91%, showing the precision and correction of simulation and consequently it is benchmarked. In the next step, for design of the new optimized detector, several validated simulations are performed in order to find the best geometry. Results:The best result is obtained with the axial FOV of 101.7 mm. It has 1.6×1.6×15 mm 3 lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) crystals. The detector consists of 6 block rings with 30 detector blocks in each ring. In this paper, the performance of the scanner is improved and the geometry is optimized. Sensitivity and scatter fraction of the designed scanner are 4.65% and 21.2%, respectively, also noise equivalent count rate (NECR) is 105.442 kcps. Conclusion:The results showed 1 up to 3% improvement in the sensitivity of this new detector compared with different PEMs.

show abstract

Validation of a highly integrated SiPM readout system with a TOF-PET demonstrator

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Online energy discrimination at DAQ front-end level on pixelated TOF-PET systems

Online energy discrimination at DAQ front-end level on pixelated TOF-PET systems

Validation of 3D model-based maximum-likelihood estimation of normalisation factors for partial ring positron emission tomography

A New Method for Optimizing the Size of Axial FOV in TOF-PEM to Improve Performance of the Scanner

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About