Detection of melamine
has proven to be a challenge, requiring the
use of complex analytical techniques. This study introduces an innovative,
straightforward one-pot technique for qualitative assessment of the
milk adulterant melamine. Originally, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
were synthesized by utilizing green tea extract, which acted as both
a reducing and sensing element. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized
using UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, zeta potential,
transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron
microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Melamine,
rich in –NH2 groups, interacts with the biopolyphenols
of green tea extract through hydrogen bonding. This interaction inhibits
the formation of nanoparticles, resulting in a noticeable colorimetric
response. The data obtained were confirmed by a standard UV–vis
spectrophotometer and validated by the high-performance liquid chromatography
technique. The limit of detection achieved by this scheme was quite
low, falling below the permissible levels recommended by government
bodies, e.g., the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).