Validation of a new high‐throughput method to determine urinary <i>S</i>‐phenylmercapturic acid using low‐temperature partitioning extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Gomes, Rafaela de Paiva; Pena, Camila Bárbara; Rezende, Jennifer; Coutrim, Maurício Xavier; Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco

doi:10.1002/jssc.201600540

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The determination of urinary S-PMA was performed with an Acquity ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC–MS–MS, Waters, Milford, MA, USA) using a recently published modified method [ 35 ]. For chromatographic separation, we used a UPLC HSS C18 column (2.1 × 150 mm, 1.7 μm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Low-Level Environmental Exposure to Benzene and Oxidative DNA Damage in Primary School Children in Sardinia, Italy

Pilia

Campagna

Marcias

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: The main anthropic sources of exposure to airborne benzene include vehicular traffic, cigarette smoke, and industrial emissions. Methods: To detect early genotoxic effects of environmental exposure to benzene, we monitored environmental, personal, and indoor airborne benzene in children living in an urban area and an area near a petrochemical plant. We also used urinary benzene and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) as biomarkers of benzene exposure and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of early genotoxic effects. Results: Although always below the European Union limit of 5 μg/m3, airborne benzene levels were more elevated in the indoor, outdoor, and personal samples from the industrial surroundings compared to the urban area (p = 0.026, p = 0.005, and p = 0.001, respectively). Children living in the surroundings of the petrochemical plant had urinary benzene values significantly higher than those from the urban area in both the morning and evening samples (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Results of multiple regression modelling showed that age was a significant predictor of 8-OHdG excretion, independent of the sampling hour. Moreover, at the low exposure level experienced by the children participating in this study, neither personal or indoor airborne benzene level, nor personal monitoring data, affected 8-OHdG excretion. Conclusions: Our results suggest the importance of biological monitoring of low-level environmental exposure and its relation to risk of genotoxic effects among children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Low-Level Environmental Exposure to Benzene and Oxidative DNA Damage in Primary School Children in Sardinia, Italy

Pilia

Campagna

Marcias

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The herein‐adopted LTPE‐based S ‐PMA extraction method was modified from the method previously described by Gomes et al. [22]. First, 600 μL of fortified urine pool ( S ‐PMA 25.0 μg L −1 ) was added to a plastic tube and acidified with hydrochloric acid at 25% (pH 1) for extraction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S-PMA has been analyzed using several chromatography techniques, such as HPLC/UV, HPLC-MS/MS, and GC/MS. Furthermore, the derivatization step and different extraction techniques, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction, and low-temperature partiture extraction (LTPE), are used for the analysis of this compound [9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Using internal standards is a routine practice adopted to increase the accuracy of the method developed [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison study on extraction techniques used to assess S‐phenylmercapturic acid as low benzene exposure biomarker based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Milagres

Paiva

d’Auriol-Souza

et al. 2023

Separation Science Plus

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The risk assessment of benzene exposure can be performed based on the analysis of biomarkers in biological monitoring processes. S‐phenylmercapturic acid is a specific benzene biomarker, and its analysis challenges the sensitivity of several analytical methods. The present study aims to develop and standardize an analytic procedure to determine this biomarker through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, based on different extraction methods, to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the studied analytical method. Liquid–liquid extraction, solid‐phase extraction, liquid‐phase microextraction, and low‐temperature partitioning extraction were tested. The last one was the selected extraction method, which was validated to ensure their quality and reliability. The method above has shown linear correlation to benzene concentrations ranging from 5 to 60 μg L−1 and presented detection and quantification limits of 0.95 and 3.18 μg L−1, respectively. Intra and inter‐assay accuracy recorded variation coefficients equal 3.63% and 8.67%, respectively. The mean accuracy value was 98.72%. This procedure presented linearity, accuracy, and detection and quantification limits within the range of interest adopted to assess occupational and environmental exposure to benzene based on biomonitoring processes.

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“…The method used is called extraction with low-temperature liquid-liquid partitioning and is described by Gomes et al [37] (with modifications). Briefly, the method consisted of extracting the urinary S -PMA from 600 µL urine (whose pH had been corrected to 1 with HCl 25%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Assessment and Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Biomarkers Related to Chronic Occupational Exposure to Benzene

Costa‐Amaral

Carvalho

Santos

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Environmental and occupational exposure to benzene from fuels is a major cause for concern for national and international authorities, as benzene is a known carcinogen in humans and there is no safe limit for exposure to carcinogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of chronic occupational exposure to benzene among two groups of workers: filling station workers (Group I) and security guards working at vehicles entrances (Group II), both on the same busy highway in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sociodemographic data on the workers were evaluated; the concentration of benzene/toluene (B/T) in atmospheric air and individual trans,trans-muconic acid (ttMA) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) were measured; oxidative stress was analyzed by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiol groups (THIOL) and malondialdehyde (MDA); genotoxicity was measured by metaphases with chromosomal abnormalities (MCA) and nuclear abnormalities, comet assay using the enzyme formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (C-FPG), and methylation of repetitive element LINE-1, CDKN2B and KLF6 genes. Eighty-six workers participated: 51 from Group I and 35 from Group II. The B/T ratio was similar for both groups, but Group I had greater oscillation of benzene concentrations because of their work activities. No differences in ttMA and S-PMA, and no clinical changes were found between both groups, but linearity was observed between leukocyte count and ttMA; and 15% of workers had leukocyte counts less than 4.5 × 109 cells L−1, demanding close worker’s attention. No differences were observed between the two groups for THIOL, MDA, MCA, or nuclear abnormalities. A multiple linear relationship was obtained for the biomarkers MCA and C-FPG. A significant correlation was found between length of time in current job and the biomarkers C-FPG, MCA, GST, and MDA. Although both populations had chronic exposure to benzene, the filling station workers were exposed to higher concentrations of benzene during their work activities, indicating an increased risk of DNA damage.

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Validation of a new high‐throughput method to determine urinary S‐phenylmercapturic acid using low‐temperature partitioning extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Biomarkers of Low-Level Environmental Exposure to Benzene and Oxidative DNA Damage in Primary School Children in Sardinia, Italy

Biomarkers of Low-Level Environmental Exposure to Benzene and Oxidative DNA Damage in Primary School Children in Sardinia, Italy

Comparison study on extraction techniques used to assess S‐phenylmercapturic acid as low benzene exposure biomarker based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Environmental Assessment and Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity Biomarkers Related to Chronic Occupational Exposure to Benzene

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