Validation of a questionnaire to identify noise-induced hearing loss among drivers

Abstract

Objective: To assess the validity of a questionnaire (consisting of 10 items/questions) to identify hearing loss (HL) among three-wheeler tempo and noncommercial car drivers. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an urban area of Lucknow city. Three-wheeler tempo drivers and noncommercial car drivers were assessed for HL by audiometry. A total of 300 subjects, who fulfilled the study criteria, were selected for the interview and health assessment. The pure tone audiometry was conducted after >12 hours of the last noise exposure to avoid temporary threshold shift. Results: The percentage of respondents aged between 31 and 40 years was 36%. The highest affirmative response item was “Do you have trouble hearing in noisy background?” constituting 68% and the lowest affirmative response item was “Do you have trouble understanding the speech of women and children?” constituting 33.7%. Kappa values showed that there was significantly (<0.05) mild agreement between most of the items and the gold standard for mid and high-frequency HL. The area under the curve for low, mid, and high frequency HL was 0.76% (95% CI = 0.68–0.84), 0.69 (95% CI = 0.73–0.75), and 0.67 (95% CI = 0.62–0.73), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were reasonable for all the definition of HL at different cutoff scores. Conclusion: A self-reported questionnaire-based approach may be used for the assessment of HL especially when audiometry is not feasible.