Validation of a Screening Tool for Learning Disorder in Children

Abstract

Background: Learning disorder (LD) is a common cause for poor academic performance among school students. Poor detection of this may be due to lack of proper validated diagnostic and screening tools, leading to considerable difficulty for affected children and their families. This study aims to validate a screening tool developed by us among students with poor scholastic performance. It is an easy-to-use tool that can be used by parents or teachers. Preliminary validation was done earlier using case–control design among 100 students, and the results were encouraging. Materials and Methods: A tool with 26 items was applied in 365 schoolchildren with poor scholastic performance in Calicut district. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done to find area under curve (AUC) and to obtain the sensitivity and specificity at the predefined cutoff score ≥10. Results: ROC analysis showed AUC of 0.93 for differentiating LD cases against the normal children. The optimum cutoff was taken as score ≥10 which has a sensitivity and specificity of 84.7% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: The new tool showed promising validity.

Validation of an Ultrashort Screening Tool for Specific Learning Disorder Among School-Going Children.

“…But its specificity is very low, and the reliability has not been tested. 10 In contrast, our tool has reasonable sensitivity and specificity of 98.2 and 87.5, respectively.…”

A Critical Review on Design and Development of New Generation Energy Storage Devices

“…Humans have used it for about 10,000 years 133 . As per records worldwide, copper resources are around 5.8 trillion pounds (out of which only 12% have been mined), and also, it is highly recyclable 133 There are several reasons for choosing Cu2O and CuO as the absorber layers for solar cells, gas sensors, biosensors, magnetic media, enzyme-free glucose sensors, photodetectors, nanofluids for enhanced thermal conductivity, junction devices such as p-n diode 135 , the catalyst for water gas shift reactions, cathode material in photoelectrochemical water splitting applications, heterogeneous catalysis in the complete conversion of hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide, nano-energetic materials, and as active materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its peculiar properties [136][137] . Copper oxide nanostructures also exhibit some exclusive magnetic and superhydrophobic properties.…”

Development and Preliminary validation of a screening tool for Specific learning disorder in children

“…1.2019.176 validated screening and diagnostic tools in vernacular languages; we had developed a screening tool in Malayalam that is simple and easy to use by parents, teachers and mental health professionals. 2 In this paper we concentrate on development of the tool and initial validation part, which was done on a sample of 100 students with scholastic backwardness in Calicut district, Kerala, India. Specific learning disorders (SLD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterised by persistent and impairing difficulties in learning foundational academic skills for reading, writing, and/or maths.…”

“…METHODOLOGY Tool development This is the initial development and preliminary validation part of the tool, which was subsequently validated in a larger different sample and already published. 2 Authors searched for terms 'specific learning disorder, learning disorder and learning disability, India' in electronic journals and other online platforms. Also searched books and made personal communication with experts in this field.…”