Validation of carbon fibers recycling by pyro-gasification: The influence of oxidation conditions to obtain clean fibers and promote fiber/matrix adhesion in epoxy composites

Mazzocchetti, Laura; Benelli, Tiziana; D’Angelo, Emanuele; Leonardi, Chiara; Zattini, Giorgio; Giorgini, Loris

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.07.007

Cited by 96 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…All of this indicates that, in addition to the carbon fibers, there is probably some other substances in these pyrolysis solids. These substances could be undecomposed resin and/or char, as discussed in Section 2.1, which is in agreement with all authors who have investigated the recovery of carbon fibers through pyrolysis [5,14,15,[22][23][24]30].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Experiments and Gas/liquid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The char and the undecomposed resin must be completely eliminated in order to avoid problems in the adhesion between the recovered fibers and the new resin when reusing the fibers in new composite manufacturing. Normally, a controlled oxidation stage is used for this purpose [5,24,30]. In any case, the good performance of the fibers recovered by pyrolysis-oxidation in new composites has been demonstrated by several authors and there are even commercial products available on the market [10].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis

Gastelu

López-Urionabarrenechea

Solar

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic treatment of the gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 °C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic treatment of gases and vapors has been performed at 900 °C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal treatment of gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis.

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Section: Pyrolysis Experiments and Gas/liquid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Pyrolysis Solidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis

Gastelu

López-Urionabarrenechea

Solar

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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“…According to Torres et al 47 the mechanical properties of recycled fiberglass after the pyrolisys process of fiberglass polyester sheet molding compound was smaller the virgin fiberglass, the results showed the tensile strength around 18 MN/m 2 to 24 MN/m 2 . Comparing to sample A and B that represents the recycled fiberglass with results from Torres et al 47 that is possible to see the correlation, because the recycled fiberglass developed by micro-wave pyrolysis is around 26.10 MN/m 2 .…”

Section: Time (Min)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Microwave-Assisted Recycling Process to Recover Fiber from Fiberglass Polyester Composites

et al. 2019

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Fiberglass/thermoset matrix composite present important properties, such as specific mass and mechanical strength, aiming to replace some engineering materials. However, its mixture of different materials transforms them into an environmental problem, due to the complex recycling process. The highlight is meeting the demands of environmental pressures and for establishing recycling mechanisms, the proposal is to study physical recycling processes, focusing on the microwave-assisted pyrolysis process and also recovering fiberglass. The results were: humidity around 3 wt. %; the average loss of mass around 68 wt. %; the tensile strength is reduced by about 76 % when a composite with recycled fiberglass is laminated, as compared to the use of virgin fiberglass. This work establishing the physical recycling mechanism and route for composite materials, identifying the thermal degradation processes, for thus applying them to other materials, still considered environmental issues, technically and economically making these materials manufacturing processes viable, as well as establishing a recycling route.

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“…Recent studies have used carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water vapours to remove the char formation from CFRP [59]. Also, oxidising the fibre surface will result in the formation of an oxygen-rich surface, improving the adhesive nature of the fibre with resins [60].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the recycling of waste carbon fibre/glass fibre-reinforced composites: fibre recovery, properties and life-cycle analysis

2020

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The growing use of carbon and glass fibres has increased awareness about their waste disposal methods. Tonnes of composite waste containing valuable carbon fibres and glass fibres have been cumulating every year from various applications. These composite wastes must be cost-effectively recycled without causing negative environmental impact. This review article presents an overview of the existing methods to recycle the cumulating composite wastes containing carbon fibre and glass fibre, with emphasis on fibre recovery and understanding their retained properties. Carbon and glass fibres are assessed via focused topics, each related to a specific treatment method: mechanical recycling; thermal recycling, including fluidised bed and pyrolysis; chemical recycling and solvolysis using critical conditions. Additionally, a brief analysis of their environmental and economic aspects are discussed, prioritising the methods based on sustainable values. Finally, research gaps are identified to highlight the factors of circular economy and its significant role in closing the life-cycle loop of these valuable fibres into re-manufactured composites.

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Validation of carbon fibers recycling by pyro-gasification: The influence of oxidation conditions to obtain clean fibers and promote fiber/matrix adhesion in epoxy composites

Cited by 96 publications

References 31 publications

Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis

Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis

Microwave-Assisted Recycling Process to Recover Fiber from Fiberglass Polyester Composites

A review on the recycling of waste carbon fibre/glass fibre-reinforced composites: fibre recovery, properties and life-cycle analysis

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