Validation of diabetes-related awareness instrument (DRAI) to measure diabetics awareness towards risk factors and prevention strategies

Kansra, Pooja; Oberoi, Sumit; Bhargava, Cherry; Sharma, Priyanka

doi:10.1108/ijqrm-09-2021-0327

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A four-stage procedure for developing the study questionnaire was followed (1) designing and composition of the instrument (2) modification of items (3) testing of psychometric traits (4) reliability test. A detailed procedure for developing and adapting the study questionnaire can be found in a related research article [6]. The final draft of the questionnaire was corrected based on the feedback given by a diabetologist and a panel of five academicians.…”

Section: Questionnaire Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diabetes alone engendered healthcare expenditure of US$760 billion in 2019 and 79% of diagnosed individuals are natives of low and middle-income economies. The healthcare system of such economies is not endowed to handle the escalating menace of diabetes [5,6]. A mammoth amount of $294.5 billion is alone spent by the United States of America in a year on patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and associated complications, which is the largest in the world, followed by the Republic of China [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost of diabetes and its complications: results from a STEPS survey in Punjab, India

Kansra¹,

Oberoi

2023

glob health res policy

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Background Diabetes mellitus is an obtrusive universal health emergency in developed and developing countries, including India. With the exponential rise of epidemiological conditions, the costs of treating and managing diabetes are on an upsurge. This study aimed to estimate the cost of diabetes and determine the determinants of the total cost among diabetic patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was executed in the northern state of Punjab, India. It involves the multi-stage area sampling technique and data was collected through a self-structured questionnaire adapted following the “WHO STEPS Surveillance” manual. Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed to compare the cost differences in socio-demographic variables. Lastly, multiple linear regression was conducted to determine and evaluate the association of the dependent variable with numerous influential determinants. Results The urban respondents' average direct and indirect costs are higher than rural respondents. Age manifests very eccentric results; the highest mean direct outpatient care expenditure of ₹52,104 was incurred by the respondents below 20 years of age. Gender, complications, income, history of diabetes and work status were statistically significant determinants of the total cost. Study reports a rapid increase in the median annual direct and indirect cost from ₹15,460 and ₹3572 in 1999 to ₹34,100 and ₹4200 in 2021. Conclusions The present study highlights that the economic jeopardy of diabetes can be managed by educating people about diabetes and its associated risk factors. The economic burden of diabetes could be restrained by formulating new health policies and promoting the use of generic medicines. The result of the study directs that expenditure on outpatient care is to be reimbursed under the ‘Ayushman Bharat-Sarbat Sehat Bima Yojana’.

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Section: Questionnaire Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of diabetes and its complications: results from a STEPS survey in Punjab, India

Kansra¹,

Oberoi

2023

glob health res policy

Self Cite

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“…Wards were then chosen using the probability proportional to size (PPS) technique from each selected town or city, and one enumeration block was selected from each sampling ward. Last but not least, households were selected from each enumeration block using the SRS without replacement technique, and one member of each household was selected for the survey using the Kish table technique (Kansra & Oberoi, 2021; Kish, 1949). Assuming 50% of pregnant women were food insecure, the 384-person sample size was computed using the margin of error, 95% confidence level, and 5% non-response rate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Household Food Security and Health-related Quality of Life: Special Consideration on the Expectant Mothers in Punjab

Arora,

Nabi,

Oberoi

et al. 2024

The Indian Economic Journal

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Household food security (HFS) affects the quality and adequacy of nutrition and can significantly impact an individual’s health. The study aims to examine the association between HFS and maternal quality of life in Punjab. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the northern Indian state of Punjab from January to March 2021 on 384 expectant mothers. The urban health facilities were chosen using the random cluster selection approach from geographical locations in Punjab, India. A well-structured questionnaire was adapted from HFS and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) that was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate the socioeconomic status and food security. HFS and HR-QOL relationship was studied using multilinear regression. The results revealed that 43.9% of expectant women experienced food insecurity. Mean (±SD) scores for the domains of ‘social performance’ (84.4 ± 16.6) and ‘role limitation due to physical reasons’ (64.5 ± 35.5) were the highest in pregnant women. Quality of life scores for expectant mothers with food insecurity were the lowest. Due to physical reasons, role constraint scored the weakest for pregnant women with food insecurity (64.3 ± 45.5, 69.1 ± 43.2 and 49.3 ± 57.2, respectively, for mild, moderate and severe food insecurity). High-risk pregnant women screened for HFS in their primary prenatal care can increase their diet quality and quantity. Additionally, there is a need for multi-level actions such as policy development, resource allocation and proper amenities to ensure expectant mothers have access to nutritious food. JEL Codes: D1, I0, I30, I31

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“…Content validity is the measurement of the representativeness of the scale content. 9,10 A panel of six experts was formed, in which four were medical practitioners who were regularly involved in healthcare delivery and two were an academicians who were proficient in research and statistical data analysis. The feedback along with specific remarks of the medical practitioners as well as the academicians were taken with the help of a standardised form of content validity as suggested in a study by the Yusoff.…”

Section: Content Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrument for Measuring Perception of Healthcare Service Providers: Development and Validation

Kaur

2023

CHCMJ

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Introduction:The accessibility to healthcare services is an absolute necessity today. The purpose of this article is to create and validate an instrument for measuring healthcare service providers' perception which analyses their level of satisfaction with existing healthcare services' availability, infrastructure, burden, efficiency of the instruments, and work environment. Method:The items were generated from a previous literature review and were also self-generated by the authors. Content and face validation were also done by a panel of experts to add/ delete/ modify items or constructs in the instrument. Statements for the constructs, i.e. Registration, Diagnosis, Emergency services, Infrastructure, and Government policies, were presented on a five-point scale.Results: The instrument's face validity and content validity met the necessary criteria. Region-specific suggestions were taken from the healthcare service providers which would be a significant factor in improving the healthcare system of the state. It was further developed and validated in the native language, Punjabi. Conclusion:The development of this instrument is the first of its kind to the best of the authors' knowledge and it consists of all aspects contributing to the perception of the doctors and nurses about the healthcare institutions. This instrument would be helpful in determining the perception of healthcare service providers, i.e., doctors and nursing staff from different regional areas regarding the healthcare services and infrastructure availability of the health institutions.

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Validation of diabetes-related awareness instrument (DRAI) to measure diabetics awareness towards risk factors and prevention strategies

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Cost of diabetes and its complications: results from a STEPS survey in Punjab, India

Cost of diabetes and its complications: results from a STEPS survey in Punjab, India

Prevalence of Household Food Security and Health-related Quality of Life: Special Consideration on the Expectant Mothers in Punjab

Instrument for Measuring Perception of Healthcare Service Providers: Development and Validation

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