Validation of dietary assessment methods in the UK arm of EPIC using weighed records, and 24-hour urinary nitrogen and potassium and serum vitamin C and carotenoids as biomarkers

Bingham, Sheila; Gill, Caroline; Cassidy, Aedín; Runswick, Shirley A.; Oakes, Suzy; Lubin, Robert; Thurnham, David I.; Key, Timothy J.; Roe, L.; Khaw, Kay Tee; Day, Nicholas E.

doi:10.1093/ije/26.suppl_1.s137

Cited by 557 publications

(490 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, urine N appears to be a useful validator even when separated in time from intake measurements. Bingham et al (1997) found a correlation of 0⋅50 between the last 8 d of weighed records (seasons 3 and 4) and the first single urine specimen collected 6 or 9 months earlier in season 1. Further, in the present study, the correlation of EE with EI from weighed records (not measured concurrently) was 0⋅48, but that for EE and EI by diet history (measured within 2 weeks) was only 0⋅11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Validation of dietary intakes measured by diet history against24 h urinary nitrogen excretion and energy expenditure measuredby the doubly-labelled water method in middle-aged women

Black¹,

Welch²,

Bingham³

2000

Br J Nutr

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A diet history method for estimating energy and N intakes was validated against 24 h urinary N excretion and energy expenditure measured by the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method. Fortyeight women aged 50-65 years were studied over 1 year. Weighed diet records from 4 d and two 24 h urine collections, for measurement of urinary N excretion, were obtained in each of four seasons. At the end of the year, a diet history was obtained, BMR was measured by whole-body calorimetry, and, in sixteen women, total energy expenditure (EE) was measured by DLW. Energy intake (EI) and N intake (NI) were calculated using food tables. Using weighed records and diet history respectively mean NI were 11⋅21 (SD 2⋅09) g and 11⋅47 (SD 2⋅40) g (NS) and EI were 8⋅08 (SD 1⋅54) MJ and 8⋅20 (SD 1⋅86) MJ (NS). Mean urine N : NI and EI : BMR values indicated bias to under-reporting by weighed record and diet history techniques in some individuals, but there was no significant difference between these measures at the group level. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for urine N v. NI was 0⋅81 for the weighed record and 0⋅38 for the diet history. The correlation of EE v. EI was r 0⋅48 for weighed record and r 0⋅11 for diet history. In this study the diet history gave the same estimate of mean intake, but the weighed record appeared to perform better in ranking individuals. Diet history: Diet record: ValidationThe diet history method of assessing dietary intake is favoured for two reasons. First, as a retrospective questionnaire method, it places less burden on subjects than do prospective diet records. Second, it is believed to obtain a better measure of long-term habitual intake than diet records, which, of necessity, record intake on a limited number of days. The debate over the respective merits of the weighed diet record and the diet history is a long one and many studies over several decades have compared their relative validity. On balance the diet history tends to obtain higher mean energy intakes (EI) (see reviews by Bingham, 1987;Black et al. 1991). However, without external validation such studies have been unable to reach a firm conclusion as to which, if either, is valid in absolute terms.A valid dietary assessment should give an estimate of mean intake that is close to the true intake and also be able to rank individuals correctly for intake within acceptable limits of precision. The two requirements do not necessarily go together. For example, a dataset of valid 24 h recalls would give a valid estimate of mean intake but could not rank individuals correctly for habitual intake. A diet record of sufficient length to measure habitual intake might rank individuals correctly but give an invalid estimate of mean intake due to systematic bias across all subjects. If random errors are large and if systematic bias is variable across individuals, then ranking will also be poor. Studies of relative validity indicate whether one method gives a higher intake than another, and comparison with expected energy requirements can help determine ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Validation of dietary intakes measured by diet history against24 h urinary nitrogen excretion and energy expenditure measuredby the doubly-labelled water method in middle-aged women

Black¹,

Welch²,

Bingham³

2000

Br J Nutr

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“…Participants completed a 131‐item validated FFQ 25, 26. Intakes of amino acids were derived predominantly using UK food composition data but with additional data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture 27, 28.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Intakes Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Low Bone Mass in Women: Evidence From Discordant Monozygotic Twins

Jennings

Macgregor

Spector

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Although a higher protein intake, particularly from vegetable sources, has been shown to be associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) the relative impact of specific amino acids on BMD and risk of osteoporosis remains to be determined. Mechanistic research suggests that a number of specific amino acids, including five nonessential amino acids—alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline—may play a role in bone health, principally through improved production of insulin and insulin‐like growth factor 1 and the synthesis of collagen and muscle protein. However to date, no previous studies have examined the associations between habitual intake of amino acids and direct measures of BMD and prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia, and no studies have examined this relationship in discordant identical twin‐pairs. In these analyses of female monozygotic twin‐pairs discordant for amino acid intake (n = 135), twins with higher intakes of alanine and glycine had significantly higher BMD at the spine than their co‐twins with within‐pair differences in spine‐BMD of 0.012 g/cm2 (SE 0.01; p = 0.039) and 0.014 g/cm2 (SE 0.01; p = 0.026), respectively. Furthermore, in cross‐sectional multivariable analyses of 3160 females aged 18 to 79 years, a higher intake of total protein was significantly associated with higher DXA‐measured BMD at the spine (quartile Q4 to quartile Q1: 0.017 g/cm2, SE 0.01, p = 0.035) and forearm (Q4 to Q1: 0.010 g/cm2, SE 0.003, p = 0.002). Intake of six amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, and proline) were associated with higher BMD at the spine and forearm with the strongest association observed for leucine (Q4 to Q1: 0.024 g/cm2, SE 0.01, p = 0.007). When intakes were stratified by protein source, vegetable or animal, prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia was 13% to 19% lower comparing extreme quartiles of vegetable intake for five amino acids (not glutamic acid or proline). These data provide evidence to suggest that intake of protein and several amino acids, including alanine and glycine, may be beneficial for bone health, independent of genetic background. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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“…Subjects were asked to record their average diet over the past year by means of a list of food items and frequency categories. Nutrient intakes were calculated by multiplying the frequency of food consumption by standard portion weights to obtain the amount of food consumed per day; these were then converted into nutrient intakes using food tables [21].…”

Section: Subjects and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of vitamin C with the relation between smoking and obstructive airways disease in EPIC Norfolk

2000

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Previous studies have reported an association between plasma vitamin C levels and respiratory function, but have not examined the role of vitamin C as an effect modifier of the relation between cigarette smoking and obstructive airways disease (OAD).This question was investigated in a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based study of 3,714 males and 4,256 females aged 45±74 yrs. Undiagnosed OAD was defined as a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of <80% of the predicted value and FEV1/forced vital capacity of <70% without self-reported OAD.An increase of 20 mmol . L -1 (or 1 SD) in plasma vitamin C concentration was associated with a 13% reduction in the risk of having OAD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 0.87 (0.77±0.98)). The OR for current smokers relative to never smokers within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration was 5.93 (3.03±11.61). The risk in the upper four quintiles was 2.84 (1.92±4.19). Within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration, the risk in former smokers was strongly related to the time since quitting (interaction significant, p=0.001).These findings support a protective role for vitamin C against the risk of obstructive airways disease and support the hypothesis that vitamin C may be an effect modifier for the adverse effects of smoking on the risk of obstructive airways disease.

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Validation of dietary assessment methods in the UK arm of EPIC using weighed records, and 24-hour urinary nitrogen and potassium and serum vitamin C and carotenoids as biomarkers

Abstract: UK EPIC uses three methods (the 7-day diary, an improved FFQ, and the 24-hour recall) to assess diet. 93% of first food diaries are returned completed by participants. Repeated diaries are the main dietary assessment method for nested case-control analyses.

Cited by 557 publications

References 26 publications

Validation of dietary intakes measured by diet history against24 h urinary nitrogen excretion and energy expenditure measuredby the doubly-labelled water method in middle-aged women

Validation of dietary intakes measured by diet history against24 h urinary nitrogen excretion and energy expenditure measuredby the doubly-labelled water method in middle-aged women

Amino Acid Intakes Are Associated With Bone Mineral Density and Prevalence of Low Bone Mass in Women: Evidence From Discordant Monozygotic Twins

Interaction of vitamin C with the relation between smoking and obstructive airways disease in EPIC Norfolk

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