Validation of distal limb mounted inertial measurement unit sensors for stride detection in Warmblood horses at walk and trot

Bragança, F. M. Serra; Bosch, Stephan; Voskamp, J. P.; Marin-Perianu, Mihai; Zwaag, Berend Jan van der; Vernooij, J.C.M.; Weeren, P. R. van; Back, Willem

doi:10.1111/evj.12651

Cited by 37 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are small affordable and portable sensors that enable collection of longer stride series without the constraints of a treadmill or gait laboratory. IMUs are compatible with motion capture and can obtain accurate and precise vertical and craniocaudal displacement of sensors on the head, trunk and fetlocks as well as stride time characteristics . Recent attempts towards the use of hoof‐mounted IMUs revealed unacceptably large measurement errors for displacement .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic discrimination of ataxia in horses is facilitated by blindfolding

Olsen

Fouché

Jordan

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Agreement among experienced clinicians is poor when assessing the presence and severity of ataxia, especially when signs are mild. Consequently, objective gait measurements might be beneficial for assessment of horses with neurological diseases. Objectives To assess diagnostic criteria using motion capture to measure variability in spatial gait‐characteristics and swing duration derived from ataxic and non‐ataxic horses, and to assess if variability increases with blindfolding. Study design Cross‐sectional. Methods A total of 21 horses underwent measurements in a gait laboratory and live neurological grading by multiple raters. In the gait laboratory, the horses were made to walk across a runway surrounded by a 12‐camera motion capture system with a sample frequency of 240 Hz. They were made to walk normally and with a blindfold in at least three trials each. Displacements of reflective markers on head, fetlock, hoof, fourth lumbar vertebra, tuber coxae and sacrum derived from three to four consecutive strides were processed and descriptive statistics, receiver operator characteristics (ROC) to determine the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC), and correlation between median ataxia grade and gait parameters were determined. Results For horses with a median ataxia grade ≥2, coefficient of variation for the location of maximum vertical displacement of pelvic and thoracic distal limbs generated good diagnostic yield. The hoofs of the thoracic limbs yielded an AUC of 0.81 with 64% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Blindfolding exacerbated the variation for ataxic horses compared to non‐ataxic horses with the hoof marker having an AUC of 0.89 with 82% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Main limitations The low number of consecutive strides per horse obtained with motion capture could decrease diagnostic utility. Conclusions Motion capture can objectively aid the assessment of horses with ataxia. Furthermore, blindfolding increases variation in distal pelvic limb kinematics making it a useful clinical tool.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic discrimination of ataxia in horses is facilitated by blindfolding

Olsen

Fouché

Jordan

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Some validations are made based on data from sports practice [ 8 , 9 ], daily human activities [ 10 ], surgical practice [ 11 ], or even horse walking and trotting [ 12 ]. Several validation studies are aimed at clinical purposes and measure the angular movements of different parts of the body or gait [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Inertial Sensor Data by a Comparison with Optical Motion Capture Data of Guitar Strumming Gestures

Freire

Santos

Armondes

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Computing technologies have opened up a myriad of possibilities for expanding the sonic capabilities of acoustic musical instruments. Musicians nowadays employ a variety of rather inexpensive, wireless sensor-based systems to obtain refined control of interactive musical performances in actual musical situations like live music concerts. It is essential though to clearly understand the capabilities and limitations of such acquisition systems and their potential influence on high-level control of musical processes. In this study, we evaluate one such system composed of an inertial sensor (MetaMotionR) and a hexaphonic nylon guitar for capturing strumming gestures. To characterize this system, we compared it with a high-end commercial motion capture system (Qualisys) typically used in the controlled environments of research laboratories, in two complementary tasks: comparisons of rotational and translational data. For the rotations, we were able to compare our results with those that are found in the literature, obtaining RMSE below 10° for 88% of the curves. The translations were compared in two ways: by double derivation of positional data from the mocap and by double integration of IMU acceleration data. For the task of estimating displacements from acceleration data, we developed a compensative-integration method to deal with the oscillatory character of the strumming, whose approximative results are very dependent on the type of gestures and segmentation; a value of 0.77 was obtained for the average of the normalized covariance coefficients of the displacement magnitudes. Although not in the ideal range, these results point to a clearly acceptable trade-off between the flexibility, portability and low cost of the proposed system when compared to the limited use and cost of the high-end motion capture standard in interactive music setups.

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“…The blindfolding of ataxic horses resulted in increased variation of gait measured with an optical motion capture system in comparison with that in non-ataxic horses [7]. Furthermore, current progress in limbmounted IMUs may further support the diagnosis of ataxia and lameness [8].…”

Section: Quantitative Gait Assessment In Practicementioning

confidence: 99%