Validation of experimental whole‐body SAR assessment method in a complex indoor environment

Bamba, Aliou; Joseph, Wout; Vermeeren, Günter; Tanghe, Emmeric; Gaillot, Davy P.; Andersen, Jørgen Bach; Nielsen, Jesper Ødum; Liénard, M.; Martens, Luc

doi:10.1002/bem.21749

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Recent literature reviews show that the diffuse multipath components (DMC) may contribute significantly (up to 95%) to the total power density involved in some realistic environments [15], [16]. Therefore, the knowledge of the whole-body ACS wb induced by diffuse fields is critical with respect to the experimental investigation of human's specific absorption rate (SAR) in realistic environments [17]. There is a lack of information in the literature regarding the human's ACS wb .…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing Whole-Body Absorption Cross Section For Diffuse Exposure From Reverberation Chamber Measurements

Bamba

Gaillot

Tanghe

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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Abstract-An original experimental protocol is developed to assess the whole-body absorption cross section of objects with arbitrary shapes and materials in diffuse fields at any operating frequency. This approach is important for dosimetry specifically in realistic environments wherein diffuse fields can be prominent. For this application, the knowledge of the whole-body specific absorption rate is critical and can be determined from the human whole-body absorption cross section. The whole-body absorption cross section is obtained from measurements performed in a stirred-mode reverberating chamber processed with the high-resolution parameter estimator RiMAX. To validate the proposed approach and highlight its robustness, the whole-body absorption cross section of a cylindrical phantom is experimentally and numerically determined at 1800 MHz. For both methods, the whole-body absorption cross section is shown to be independent on the orientation of the transceivers, indicating that it is indeed caused by diffuse fields. A good agreement is obtained between experimental and numerical Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) results with a relative deviation of about 17 %. From the validation of this approach, the measurement protocol is applied to a real human at 1800 MHz resulting in a whole-body absorption cross section of 0.95 m 2 , 1.01 m 2 and 1.11 m 2 for a sitting, standing, and standing with stretched arms posture, respectively.

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confidence: 99%

Assessing Whole-Body Absorption Cross Section For Diffuse Exposure From Reverberation Chamber Measurements

Bamba

Gaillot

Tanghe

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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“…The environmental monitoring system [1,2] based on WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) is used to reduce the cost of the entire system, mostly using mass low-cost sensor nodes [3] for networking. Invulnerability of WSNs is the ability measurement metric of WSNs, which could be sustainable and stable to provide reliable services for the entire network system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Cooperative Sensing for Indoor Complex Environment Monitoring

Jin¹,

Qian²,

Xing³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Onl. Eng.

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Abstract-Sensor failure have become a major bottleneck, which restricted the wide application of wireless sensor networks WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). In order to satisfy the needs of industrial production and daily living environment monitoring, it is important to improve the survivability of wireless sensor networks. This paper analyzed the damage types and causes of WSNs and the measurement methods of WSNs survivability. Then, based on the whole system model and sensor node circuit, we studied the fault detection method, which can improve the survivability of the scheme. Additionally, the robust guarantee scheme through hardware design and algorithm model was proposed. The performance results shown that the proposed scheme can realize the remote wireless communication services and prolong the network life cycle, so as to improve the survivability of WSNs. Through the combination of theoretical research and practical analysis system, the network survivability would be improved through soft and hard optimization combination strategy.Keywords-Wireless sensor networks; invulnerability; indoor Complex environment monitoring; hardware design; robust guarantee IntroductionThe environmental monitoring system [1, 2] based on WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) is used to reduce the cost of the entire system, mostly using mass low-cost sensor nodes [3] for networking. Invulnerability of WSNs is the ability measurement metric of WSNs, which could be sustainable and stable to provide reliable services for the entire network system. In the case of random or deterministic failures [4] in the network communication, the system is able to complete the key services.About the robust stability guarantees, the article [5] presented a new soft constrained model predictive control approach for tracking that provides stability guarantees even for unstable systems. The research of article [6] exploited the cubature rule in the unknown input observer structure to overcome nonlinear calculations in the presence of external disturbances for sensor fault detection purposes. In article [7], it is demonstrated that, under mild assumptions, the distributional robust optimization problems over Wasserstein balls can in fact be reformulated as finite convex programs---in many interesting cases even as tractable linear programs. A robust adaptive beamforming scheme based on two-component electromagnetic vector-sensor 4

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“…In [16], experimental study of exposure of a phantom has been done by exposing it to MPCs. Another study uses the ray-tracing in outdoor environment [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Human Exposure Using Kriging Method

Jawad¹,

Lautru²,

Benlarbi-Delaï³

et al. 2014

PIER B

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Abstract-This paper develops the kriging method to calculate the whole body Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for any angle of incidence of a plane wave on any body model using a minimum number of Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulations. Practical application of this method is to study people's exposure. Thanks to kriging method, it will enable to answer to the challenge of studying the exposure in a realistic environment. This approach develops a new tool in order to improve the field of stochastic dosimetry. The kriging method is applied to a girl body model in order to determine the variogram model, then this model is validated on a boy body model. Thanks to only 40 numerical SAR values, kriging method enables to estimate any SAR value with a mean relative error under 3%.

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Validation of experimental whole‐body SAR assessment method in a complex indoor environment

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Assessing Whole-Body Absorption Cross Section For Diffuse Exposure From Reverberation Chamber Measurements

Assessing Whole-Body Absorption Cross Section For Diffuse Exposure From Reverberation Chamber Measurements

Opportunistic Cooperative Sensing for Indoor Complex Environment Monitoring

Study of Human Exposure Using Kriging Method

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