Validation of Feed and Manure Data Collected on Wisconsin Dairy Farms

Powell, J. M.; Jackson-Smith, Douglas B.; McCrory, D. F.; Saam, H.; Mariola, Matthew J.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(06)72298-6

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A comprehensive nutrient management survey was conducted on Wisconsin dairy farms during the period -2005(Powell et al 2006. The feed and manure management components of the Wisconsin questionnaire were modified and applied to two dairy farms in Shandong Province, China during June, 2006.…”

Section: On-farm Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Feed N and P intake were derived from farmerdefined amounts of feed offered to lactating cows (wet basis), multiplied by either direct feed analyses (Wisconsin, Powell et al 2006), literature values of feed DM, N and P concentrations (China, CECAT 1999), or in the case of imported feed concentrates, formulation information provided on feed bags.…”

Section: On-farm Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first study in Wisconsin, USA Saam et al 2005) used structured questionnaires, and feed and manure sampling to assess the impact of phosphorus (P) feeding practices on manure P content and recycling through cropland. The second Wisconsin study (Powell et al 2006(Powell et al , 2007 was expanded to include more detailed information on dietary nitrogen (N) and P feeding strategies, manure spreading practices, and the overall impact of feed, fertilizer and manure management on farmers' abilities to conform to newly developed governmental nutrient management standards. The latter Wisconsin study employed relatively lengthy, structured questionnaires, face-toface interviews with farmers, detailed record keeping, and feed and manure sampling and analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid assessment of feed and manure nutrient management on confinement dairy farms

Powell

et al. 2008

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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A basic function of dairy farming is to transform feed nutrients into milk to generate an economic return. As the price of feed grain escalates, and environmental concerns associated with animal agriculture heighten, many dairy producers seek new ways to track nutrient use on their farms. Relatively little information is available on feed and manure management under producer conditions. The present study provides an overview of an iterative process used to develop and apply techniques for rapid assessment of feed and manure management on confinementbased dairy farms in very different geographic settings.Information was collected on cow diets, milk production and manure management using rapid (2-3 h) survey techniques first on 41 dairy farms in Wisconsin, USA and then on two dairy farms in Shandong Province, China. In both locations, Holstein dairy cows (Bos taurus) transformed on average 22-30% of feed nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into milk. These calculated feed N use (FNUE) and feed P use (FPUE) efficiencies corresponded well to published values, but were lower than FNUE and FPUE determined under experimental conditions. Average apparent feed N intake (range of 438-635 g cow -1 d -1 ) were slightly higher than the calculated sum of N outputs in milk (98-145 g cow -1 d -1 ) and manure (328-457 g cow -1 d -1 ). Calculated manure N excretions corresponded well to literature estimates. Average manure collection efficiencies ranged from 56% to 100% in Wisconsin and 55 to 90% in Shandong. Relatively short, face-to-face interviews can provide accurate 'snap-shots' of overall feed and manure management practices on an array of confinement-based dairy farms in diverse geographic locations.

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Section: On-farm Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: On-farm Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid assessment of feed and manure nutrient management on confinement dairy farms

Powell

et al. 2008

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…Any departure from this assumption should be minimal because variations in average DIM were relatively minor (see Table 2 below). Others have reported that change in body N was likely negligible in estimating N balance of commercial dairy herds (Powell et al, 2006).…”

Section: Sample Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary crude protein on ammonia-N emission measured by herd nitrogen mass balance in a freestall dairy barn managed under farm-like conditions

Aguerre

Wattiaux

Hunt

et al. 2010

Animal

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The main objective of this experiment was to monitor the impact of barn side and dietary crude protein (CP) on production performance, manure production and composition, and ammonia nitrogen (N) emission from a lactating dairy herd housed in a free-stall barn and managed under farm-like conditions throughout a number of months in each season of the year. The 78-cow lactating herd of the University of Wisconsin-Platteville (USA) was halved and each group was allocated to either the north or south side of the barn and either a recommended (REC) diet with 16.7 6 1.3% CP dry matter basis (DM) or an excess (EXC) CP diet containing 1.5 units of CP above the REC diet (18.2 6 1.5%). In 7 months between February 2004 and January 2005, total manure collection was conducted by manual scraping of the alleys and ammonia-N emission was calculated as intake N 1 bedding N -milk N -scraped manure N. Side of the barn (northern v. southern exposure) did not influence measurements and there was no effect of dietary CP on dry matter intake (DMI), milk, milk fat, and milk protein production, but a lower manure N concentration was observed for the group of cows fed the REC diet compared with the EXC diet (3.43% v. 3.66% of DM). Nitrogen intake was 63 g/day lower (643 v. 706 g/day), milk N was unaffected (157 g/day), manure N was 32 g/day lower (391 v. 423 g/day), and ammonia-N emission was 34 g/day lower (93 v. 127 g/day) for the group consuming the REC diet compared with the group consuming the EXC diet. There were larger variations in measured responses among months of the year than between level of dietary CP. Wet and dry manure excretions tended to be higher, but manure pH was reduced when corn silage became unavailable and the diet included additional corn grain and alfalfa silage as the only forage source. Prediction of manure N excretion for a group of cow determined as N intake -N milk was 9% higher than current prediction equations of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Ammonia-N loss averaged 110 g/day per lactating cow, but ranged from 64 g/day to 178 g/day with no clear seasonal pattern. There was no clear association between barn temperature, manure temperature or manure pH and ammonia-N emission; however, intake N explained 61% of the variation in ammonia-N emission.

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“…As already stated (Grignani and Bassanino, 2000;Mulier et al, 2003;Powell et al, 2006), part of the information supplied by farmers in commercial farming results appears inaccurate, or not known, especially for farm products recycled in animal feeding: further contact with the farmers and their feed consultants was sometimes necessary. When the NP content in some farm products was unknown, it was estimated using standard figures ( for its NP content according to its importance in the animal diet; average data for the chemical composition are reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient flows in lowland dairy farms in the Italian Alps

Bassanino

Sacco

Curtaz³

et al. 2011

Ital J Agronomy

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A traditional dairy production system is still common today in the mountain environment of the Italian Alps, enhancing the economic valorisation of milk through the production of quality cheese such as Fontina PDO (Protected Designation of Origin), and favouring the agroenvironmental management of marginal areas. This type of dairy system depends mainly on summer grazing: farmers set up the farm stock on the basis of the high-altitude grassland areas available. For the rest of the year, the livestock is housed on the farm lowland, consequently reaching high stocking rates. Since grassland areas are limited in size here, animal feeding is largely based on acquired forages. In order to study the environmental sustainability of the lowland farm areas, agronomic management, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) farm-gate balances were calculated for 22 livestock farms in the Valle d'Aosta region. Lowland surfaces show a quite high variability, with an average value of 6.8 ha. An unbalanced stocking rate referred to the lowland is common showing an average value of 5.7 livestock units (LU) ha -1 , but reaching a maximum of 26.8 LU ha -1 . Lowland milk production is approximately 1700 kg per LU per year, but some farms could reach 3500 kg per LU The feed efficiency varies from 1.1 to 4.7 kg milk per kg feed, depending on the farm feeding strategy. The average N farm-gate balance is equal to 75 kg N ha -1 . The two main input components are represented by purchased hay and feed, both showing the highest variability between farms. The output data also differ substantially among farms. The manure sold is the most important output component and represents 70% of the total output on average. The P farm gate balance surplus is equal to 6 kg ha -1 , but more than 25% of the farms considered show a negative value. The surpluses calculated in this work can be compared with the values belonging to a distribution calculated for bovine farms under different management and environmental conditions in Italy and Europe. They occupy the lower part of the distribution and are similar to those measured in mountains or other extensive environments.

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Validation of Feed and Manure Data Collected on Wisconsin Dairy Farms

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Rapid assessment of feed and manure nutrient management on confinement dairy farms

Rapid assessment of feed and manure nutrient management on confinement dairy farms

Effect of dietary crude protein on ammonia-N emission measured by herd nitrogen mass balance in a freestall dairy barn managed under farm-like conditions

Nutrient flows in lowland dairy farms in the Italian Alps

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