Validation of Palpatory Methods for Evaluating Anatomical Bone Landmarks of the Cervical Spine: A Systematic Review

Póvoa, Luciana C.; Ferreira, Ana Paula Antunes; Silva, Julio Guilherme

doi:10.1016/j.jmpt.2015.04.002

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The spinous process of C7 was identified by cervical extension as spinous process of C6 appear to move anteriorly and C7 remains stationary during the movement [26]. Without extension C6 is found to be the most prominent spinous process in 48% of the subjects, but with extension test the spinous process of C7 can be found in 77-88% of subjects [27]. After the C7 spinous process was found and marked, the next mark caudally was drawn on the spine 15 cm from the marking of the spinous process of C7, theoretically representing the spinous process of T5 [28].…”

Section: Preparations For the Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of thoracic spine mobility and posture assessments in subjects with thoracic spine pain

Takatalo

Ylinen

Pienimäki

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: The thoracic spine (TS) has been neglected in the study of the spine despite its essential role in the stability and posture of the entire spinal complex. Therefore, there is an inevitable need to investigate the reproducibility of different thoracic spinal posture measures used in subjects with TS pain. Methods: Thirty-two subjects (16 females and 16 males, mean age 39 years) were evaluated by two physiotherapists on the same day to gauge inter-rater reliability and on two consecutive days to gauge intra-rater reliability. TS posture was assessed by observation, and thoracic spine mobility was measured by manual assessment of segmental flexion and extension mobility in a seated position. Additionally, posterior-to-anterior accessory mobility in a prone position was assessed manually. Moreover, cervicothoracic flexion in a seated position, thoracic posture, and thoracic flexion and extension mobility in a standing position were assessed with a tape measure, and flexion and extension mobility in a seated position and TS posture in seated and standing positions were measured with an inclinometer. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), mean difference (MD), Bland-Altman (B&A) plot features and coefficient of repeatability (CR) were calculated. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the duration of TS pain was 22 (SD 45) months, with the intensity of pain being rated at 27 (SD 21) mm on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Intra-rater reliability was very strong (ICC ≥ 0.80) for the evaluation of seated and standing upper TS posture, standing whole TS posture and seated lower TS posture with an inclinometer. Moreover, TS posture evaluation with a measuring tape, posture inspection in a seated position, and manual assessment of segmental extension were found to have very strong intra-rater reliability. Inter-rater reliability was very strong for inclinometer measurements of standing and seated upper TS posture as well as standing whole TS posture. Conclusion: Intra-rater reliability was higher than inter-rater reliability in most of the evaluated measurements. Overall, posture measurements with an inclinometer were more reliable than mobility measurements with the same instrument. The manual assessments can be used reliably when same evaluator performs the examination.

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Section: Preparations For the Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of thoracic spine mobility and posture assessments in subjects with thoracic spine pain

Takatalo

Ylinen

Pienimäki

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…56 One randomized controlled trial (RCT) shows no effect and one RCT with methodological weaknesses shows a positive result. 57,58 The technical failure rate of this technique is high because of the difficulty to introduce a needle into the cervical facet joint especially in degenerative facet joints. Most systematic reviews concluded that these injections are not effective.…”

Section: Intra-articular (Steroid) Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, degenerative changes of the cervical spine are present in asymptomatic patients so there is no evident correlation between radiological findings and pain. 57,58 Indications for RF treatment of the medial branches that innervate the cervical facet joints are both degenerative, and post-traumatic neck pain i.e. whiplash-associated disorders (WAD).…”

Section: Cervical Facet (Zygapophyseal) Joint Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sub-classifying neck pain and identifying pain generators can possibly help in a better understanding of diagnosis and treatment within the full biopsychosocial spectrum of chronic neck pain. 58 Potentially, the cervical facet joints can alone or concurrent with other structures like the discs, the uncovertebral joints, muscles and ligaments act as a pain generator in patients with chronic neck pain. 10 59 Research on nociceptors in and around the cervical facet joints and on distinct pain referral patterns in cervical facet joint pain has helped to outline the clinical diagnosis of cervical facet joint pain.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Cervical Facet Joint Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and the anatomical validity of a standardized cervical manual examination procedure for paraspinal pressure pain. Ultrasonography (US) is used as a method to anatomically validate manual examination tests 58,59 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis and interventional pain treatment of cervical facet joint pain

Eerd¹

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The validity of lumbo-pelvic landmark palpation by manual practitioners: A systematic review

Alexander

Rastelli

Webb

et al. 2021

International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine

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Validation of Palpatory Methods for Evaluating Anatomical Bone Landmarks of the Cervical Spine: A Systematic Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 30 publications

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of thoracic spine mobility and posture assessments in subjects with thoracic spine pain

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of thoracic spine mobility and posture assessments in subjects with thoracic spine pain

Diagnosis and interventional pain treatment of cervical facet joint pain

The validity of lumbo-pelvic landmark palpation by manual practitioners: A systematic review

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