Validation of Random Positioning Versus Clinorotation Using a Macrophage Model System

Brungs, Sonja; Hauslage, Jens; Hemmersbach, Ruth

doi:10.1007/s12217-019-9687-0

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Ground-based simulators allow researchers to gather preliminary data before space experimentation. Several comparative studies and reviews have been written to validate, compare, contrast, and define many different microgravity experimental methods [5][6][7] .…”

Section: Microgravity Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells

et al. 2021

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The effects of a microgravity environment on the myriad types of immune cells present within the human body have been assessed both by bench-scale simulation and suborbital methods, as well as in true spaceflight. Macrophages have garnered increased research interest in this context in recent years. Their functionality in both immune response and tissue remodeling makes them a unique cell to investigate in regards to gravisensitive effects as well as parameters of interest that could impact astronaut health. Here, we review and summarize the literature investigating the effects of microgravity on macrophages and monocytes regarding the microgravity environment simulation/generation methods, cell sources, experiment durations, and parameters of interest utilized within the field. We discuss reported findings on the impacts of microgravity on macrophage/monocyte structure, adhesion and migration, proliferation, genetic expression, cytokine secretion, and reactive oxygen species production, as well as polarization. Based on this body of data, we make recommendations to the field for careful consideration of experimental design to complement existing reports, as the multitude of disparate study methods previously published can make drawing direct comparisons difficult. However, the breadth of different testing methodologies can also lend itself to attempting to identify the most robust and consistent responses to microgravity across various testing conditions.

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Section: Microgravity Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells

et al. 2021

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“…This is consistent with the findings of earlier studies [ 14 ]. However, at a rotation speed of 2 rpm, there was no obvious difference in ROS production between the 1 g and microgravity group [ 28 ]. In addition, in the research of plant growth under microgravity conditions, 2-D clinostat has been proven to be a satisfactory simulator.…”

Section: Comparison Of Facilities Used For Microgravity Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Immune System Dysfunction under Real and Simulated Microgravity Conditions

Sun

Kuang

Zuo

2021

IJMS

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In the process of exploring space, the astronaut’s body undergoes a series of physiological changes. At the level of cellular behavior, microgravity causes significant alterations, including bone loss, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular deconditioning. At the level of gene expression, microgravity changes the expression of cytokines in many physiological processes, such as cell immunity, proliferation, and differentiation. At the level of signaling pathways, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway participates in microgravity-induced immune malfunction. However, the mechanisms of these changes have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies suggest that the malfunction of macrophages is an important breakthrough for immune disorders in microgravity. As the first line of immune defense, macrophages play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. They activate specific immune responses and participate in large numbers of physiological activities by presenting antigen and secreting cytokines. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances on the dysfunction of macrophages arisen from microgravity and to discuss the mechanisms of these abnormal responses. Hopefully, our work will contribute not only to the future exploration on the immune system in space, but also to the development of preventive and therapeutic drugs against the physiological consequences of spaceflight.

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“…Indeed, mechanical force transduction into the chromatin occurs within milliseconds [50], allowing the nuclear structure to respond directly without biochemical signaling [51,52]. In previous studies which have investigated the oxidative burst reaction in mammalian macrophage cells in microgravity, rapid adaption to a microgravity environment was detected in microgravity on board of the ISS [10], but not in the vag of clinorotation experiments [12,53,54].…”

Section: µGmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Cellular Perception of Gravitational Forces in Human Jurkat T Cells and Transduction into Gene Expression Regulation

Thiel

Christoffel

Tauber

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Cellular processes are influenced in many ways by changes in gravitational force. In previous studies, we were able to demonstrate, in various cellular systems and research platforms that reactions and adaptation processes occur very rapidly after the onset of altered gravity. In this study we systematically compared differentially expressed gene transcript clusters (TCs) in human Jurkat T cells in microgravity provided by a suborbital ballistic rocket with vector-averaged gravity (vag) provided by a 2D clinostat. Additionally, we included 9× g centrifuge experiments and rigorous controls for excluding other factors of influence than gravity. We found that 11 TCs were significantly altered in 5 min of flight-induced and vector-averaged gravity. Among the annotated clusters were G3BP1, KPNB1, NUDT3, SFT2D2, and POMK. Our results revealed that less than 1% of all examined TCs show the same response in vag and flight-induced microgravity, while 38% of differentially regulated TCs identified during the hypergravity phase of the suborbital ballistic rocket flight could be verified with a 9× g ground centrifuge. In the 2D clinostat system, doing one full rotation per second, vector effects of the gravitational force are only nullified if the sensing mechanism requires 1 s or longer. Due to the fact that vag with an integration period of 1 s was not able to reproduce the results obtained in flight-induced microgravity, we conclude that the initial trigger of gene expression response to microgravity requires less than 1 s reaction time. Additionally, we discovered extensive gene expression differences caused by simple handling of the cell suspension in control experiments, which underlines the need for rigorous standardization regarding mechanical forces during cell culture experiments in general.

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Validation of Random Positioning Versus Clinorotation Using a Macrophage Model System

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells

Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells

The Emerging Role of Macrophages in Immune System Dysfunction under Real and Simulated Microgravity Conditions

Rapid Cellular Perception of Gravitational Forces in Human Jurkat T Cells and Transduction into Gene Expression Regulation

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