Validation of Self-Reported Smoking Status by Simultaneous Measurement of Carbon Monoxide and Salivary Thiocyanate

Morabia, Alfredo; Bernstein, Martine; Curtin, François; Berode, M.

doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0779

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Results from previous studies indicate that self-reported data on these issues are fairly reliable [29,30]. The current authors also lack information regarding smoking cessation interventions, but as the participants were from general population samples, the numbers that have participated in such an intervention is probably small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Changes in active and passive smoking in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

Janson¹

2006

Eur Respir J

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The aim of the present investigation was to study changes and determinants for changes in active and passive smoking.The present study included 9,053 adults from 14 countries that participated in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II. The mean follow-up period was 8.8 yrs. Change in the prevalence of active and passive smoking was expressed as absolute net change (95% confidence interval) standardised to a 10-yr period. Determinants of change were analysed and the results expressed as adjusted hazard risk ratio (HRR) or odds ratio (OR).The prevalence of active smoking declined by 5.9% (5.1-6.8) and exposure to passive smoking in nonsmokers declined by 18.4% (16.8-20.0). Subjects with a lower educational level (HRR: 0.73 (0.54-0.98) and subjects living with a smoker (HRR: 0.45 (0.34-0.59)) or with workplace smoking (HRR: 0.69 (0.50-0.95)) were less likely to quit. Low socio-economic groups were more likely to become exposed (OR: 2.21 (1.61-3.03)) and less likely to cease being exposed to passive smoking (OR: 0.48 (0.37-0.61)).In conclusion, the quitting rate was lower and the risk of exposure to passive smoking higher among subjects with lower socio-economic status. Exposure to other peoples smoking decreased quitting rates and increased the risk of starting to smoke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Changes in active and passive smoking in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

Janson¹

2006

Eur Respir J

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“…Observations in individuals with nonconcordant levels of cotinine and SCN − support this hypothesis. 16) Self-reported, current smoking was found to be poorly sensitive when only cotinine or SCN − was used as biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke, but highly sensitive when the combination of both biomarkers was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Plasma and Urine Thiocyanates and Urinary Cotinine Determinations as Indicators of Cigarette Smoking

Dhouha¹,

Ezzaher²,

Neffati³

et al. 2009

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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The aim of our study was to demonstrate the suitability of urinary cotinine and plasma thiocyanates (SCN − ) as indicators of tobacco smoking and to investigate the correlation among urinary cotinine, plasma and urine SCN − and number of cigarettes smoked per day and smoking topography. The initial study was conducted with 256 individuals: 143 nonsmokers aged 44.20 ± 15.81 years and 113 current smokers aged 38.02 ± 17.49 years. Subjects were classified into smokers or nonsmokers based on a questionnaire. Cotinine levels were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric method and SCN − using selective electrodes. Urinary cotinine and plasma SCN − levels are both significantly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers and correlate well with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Urinary cotinine was significantly correlated with duration of consumption (F 3−109 = 3.43; p = 0.019; r = 0.9961), and there was a negative correlation between body mass index and urinary cotinine (r = 0.9989, p < 0.05). Urinary cotinine and plasma SCN − levels discriminate between smokers and nonsmokers and increase when smoking exceeds 20 cigarettes/day and duration of consumption exceeds 5 years.

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“…On each visit, the subject provided a CO breath sample. CO measures between 8 and 10 parts per million (ppm) are frequently used as the cutoff between smokers and nonsmokers (Jarvis, Tunstall-Pedoe, Feyerabend, Vesey, & Saloojee, 1987;Morabia, Bernstein, curtin, & Berode, 2001). Given the contingency was meant for reduced smoking, CO = 12 ppm is associated with a minimum of 29% average reduction in CO for the present sample (12 ppm also is associated with the 75th percentile for smokers similar to those in the present study; Javors, Hatch, & Lamb, 2005).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Reduced Cigarette Smoking on Discounting Future Rewards: An Initial Evaluation

Johnson

Giordano

et al. 2008

Psychol Rec

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To determine whether reduction of smoking via contingency management in dependent smokers would decrease the discounting of delayed reinforcers compared with smokers who did not reduce their smoking, moderate to heavy cigarette smokers were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a contingency management condition and a control condition. In three phases (baseline discounting determination for hypothetical money and cigarettes, implementation of a contingency management or control condition, and postintervention discounting determination), the procedure to reinforce reduction in cigarette smoking produced CO decreases in all subjects exposed to that procedure. Discounting decreased significantly for both cigarettes and money among the group for whom smoking reductions were reinforced, whereas the control group showed no significant change for either commodity. Reductions in smoking can lead to reductions in discounting, and increased discounting in current smokers may be a reversible effect of nicotine dependence.Delay discounting refers to the intuitive conception that the influence of a delayed reward decreases as a function of that delay (Logue, 1988). For instance, the subjective value (and thereby the influence) of some monetary reward available immediately is greater than the same reward available after 1 month, which is still greater than the same reward available after 1 year. Studies of delay discounting typically attempt to determine the present subjective value of rewards at numerous delays, resulting in some index of the rate of discounting.Rate of discounting is a popular metric in studies of drug dependence, consistently showing that drug-dependent populations discount delayed rewards more than nondependent controls do (see Bickel & Marsch, 2001). Among the many drug-dependent populations who have undergone delay discounting measures are cigarette smokers. Studies by Baker, Johnson,

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Validation of Self-Reported Smoking Status by Simultaneous Measurement of Carbon Monoxide and Salivary Thiocyanate

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

Changes in active and passive smoking in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

Changes in active and passive smoking in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey

Comparison between Plasma and Urine Thiocyanates and Urinary Cotinine Determinations as Indicators of Cigarette Smoking

The Effects of Reduced Cigarette Smoking on Discounting Future Rewards: An Initial Evaluation

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