Validation of Simplified Chinese Version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SC-PSEQ) and SC-PSEQ-2 for Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Mainland China

Abstract

Study Design. A prospective study. Objective. The aim of this study was to develop the simplified Chinese version of Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) (SC-PESQ) and PSEQ-2 (SC-PSEQ-2), and evaluate the psychometric properties of the two questionnaires in patients with nonspecific low back pain. Summary of Background Data. PSEQ has been cross-culturally adapted into many languages with excellent reliability and validity. Recently, the short form of PSEQ-2 was developed and exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. However, PSEQ and PSEQ-2 has not been translated or validated in mainland China. Methods. The original version of PSEQ and PSEQ-2 was linguistically translated and adapted to formulate the simplified Chinese version, which was then administrated by 219 patients with low back pain, along with a set of self-report health-related instruments. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SC-PESQ and SC-PSEQ-2. Results. Two hundred nineteen patients with nonspecific low back pain were enlisted into the analysis. The SC-PSEQ and SC-PSEQ-2 had been determined excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha, 0.95 and 0.83), test-retest reliability (overall ICC, 0.91 and 0.88), and sound construct validity, which were supported by moderately strong association with the criterion measures, respectively. In addition, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have found and confirmed one-factor solution in SC-PSEQ as hypothesized. Conclusion. The SC-PESQ and SC-PSEQ-2 showed satisfactory psychometric properties in Chinese population with low back pain, and could be safely utilized to evaluating the self-efficacy in clinical and research setting. Level of Evidence: 4

Measurement properties of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in populations with musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

“…While 22 included studies evaluated several psychometric properties of the PSEQ-10, 6 studies 1 , 10 , 16 , 31 , 36 , 50 evaluated the psychometric properties of either one or both of its short forms, namely, the PSEQ-2 (evaluated in the 6 studies) and the PSEQ-4 (evaluated in 3 of these 6 studies). Populations evaluated in included studies comprised chronic LBP, 14 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 50 fibromyalgia, 37 neck pain, 15 upper limb MSK pain, 8 , 10 , 23 knee osteoarthritis, 26 and any chronic MSK disorder. 1 – 3 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 25 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 45 , 46 , 48 …”

“…Quality of life evaluated by the SF-12 or SF-36 questionnaires showed low to moderate positive statistically significant correlations with the PSEQ-10 for chronic LBP or MSK pain (7 studies; 1277 participants; correlation range: 0.38–0.57). 2 , 3 , 14 , 22 , 25 , 48 , 50 For divergent validity, there was a low to moderate negative statistically significant correlation between function or disability (higher score = lower level of function/disability) (10 studies; 2630 participants; correlation range: −0.71 to −0.29), 3 , 7 , 10 , 15 , 17 , 31 , 36 , 38 , 48 , 50 pain interference (5 studies; 1526 participants; correlation range: −0.67 to −0.40), 2 , 36 , 38 , 45 , 50 anxiety (5 studies; 805 participants; correlation range: −0.63 to −0.32), 1 , 22 , 25 , 45 , 50 or depression (9 studies; 2276 participants; correlation range: −0.68 to −0.32) 1 , 3 , 17 , 22 , 25 , 31 , 36 , 45 , 50 and the PSEQ-10 or shortened forms of the PSEQ for chronic LBP, upper limb pain, or MSK pain. Correlations between the PSEQ and catastrophizing variables mainly measured by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale varied from low to high and were statistically significant among studies that included various populations with chronic MSK pain (10 studies, 3495 participants, correlation range: −0.74 to −0.36).…”

“…All studies were given a very good score on the COSMIN quality assessment tool for internal consistency. Twenty studies (5295 participants) 1 – 3 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 21 – 23 , 25 , 31 , 35 – 38 , 45 , 48 , 50 calculated Cronbach alpha for the PSEQ-10, with values ranging from 0.79 to 0.95. Six studies (1354 participants) 1 , 8 , 10 , 31 , 36 , 50 calculated Cronbach alpha for the PSEQ-2, with values ranging from 0.76 to 0.91.…”

“…Twenty studies (5295 participants) 1 – 3 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 21 – 23 , 25 , 31 , 35 – 38 , 45 , 48 , 50 calculated Cronbach alpha for the PSEQ-10, with values ranging from 0.79 to 0.95. Six studies (1354 participants) 1 , 8 , 10 , 31 , 36 , 50 calculated Cronbach alpha for the PSEQ-2, with values ranging from 0.76 to 0.91. Two studies (430 participants) 1 , 31 calculated Cronbach alpha for the PSEQ-4, with values ranging from 0.87 to 0.90.…”

Effect of Self-Compassion Training Combined With Core Stability Exercise For Patients With Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The PSEQ consists of 10 items and assesses the extent to how con dent the participant is in performing a range of certain activities using a 7-point Likert scale, with 0 denoting no con dence at all and 6 denoting complete con dence. A higher total score after adding up the score of each item, indicates stronger con dence in mastering self-e ciiency [32] .…”