Validation of the abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS‐6) and its association with self‐rated health amongst older adults in Puerto Rico

Abstract

Social isolation is a well‐established determinant of late‐life well‐being, and it may be particularly relevant for older adults in Puerto Rico following Hurricane María. The abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS‐6) is a widely used measure of social isolation, but it has not been validated with Spanish‐speaking older adults. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the psychometric properties of a Spanish‐language LSNS‐6 and (2) examine its association with self‐rated health (SRH) and psychological sense of community (PSOC). Data came from face‐to‐face survey interviews with a nonprobability sample of 154 community‐dwelling older adults in Puerto Rico 2 years after Hurricane María. We assessed the LSNS‐6's internal consistency reliability and convergent validity. We then conducted structural equational modelling consisting of (1) a measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis to test the factor structure of the LSNS‐6 and (2) a structural model using path analysis to examine the direct effect of social isolation on SRH and to test the role of PSOC as a mediator in this relationship. The LSNS‐6 demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability (α = 0.74) and convergent validity, r(151) = −0.33, p < 0.001. A correlated two‐factor model (Family and Friends) provided the best fit (comparative fit index = 0.986, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.975, root mean square error of approximation = 0.082, standardised root mean squared residual = 0.033). Path model results show the Friends factor was negatively associated with SRH (β = −0.31, p = 0.045), whilst the Family factor was nonsignificant. The Friends factor had a statistically significant indirect effect on SRH through PSOC (β = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.29]). Our findings provide insight into the effect of social isolation on health amongst older adults in Puerto Rico and highlight the potential role of PSOC for assessment and intervention with older adults in post‐disaster settings.

The psychometric properties of the Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS‐6) and its associations with well‐being indicators in Hong Kong older adults

“…From the above data analyses, the two‐factor structure of the LSNS‐6 was confirmed with satisfactory goodness of fit, and the factor loadings of the CFA in the friend subscale were also greater than those in the family subscale. These findings are consistent with studies with older adults in Asian cultures, 2,3,28 but an opposite pattern is observed in other cultures 15,29 . This may suggest that friendships may play a more vital role in predicting well‐being in older adults as interactions with friends are usually voluntary, and selectivity can maximise their well‐being 30 …”

“…They were also negatively associated with anxiety symptoms (∣ r ∣s ≥ 0.21, p < 0.001), but positively associated with life satisfaction ( r s ≥ 0.29, p < 0.001) and self‐rated health ( r s ≥ 0.20, p < 0.001). These findings echoed previous studies 15,28 . These findings suggest that LSNS‐6 is a reliable and valid tool to measure social networks in Hong Kong Chinese older adults.…”

“…These findings echoed previous studies. 15,28 These findings suggest that LSNS-6 is a reliable and valid tool to measure social networks in Hong Kong Chinese older adults.…”

“…These findings are consistent with studies with older adults in Asian cultures, 2,3,28 but an opposite pattern is observed in other cultures. 15,29 This may suggest that friendships may play a more vital role in predicting well-being in older adults as interactions with friends are usually voluntary, and selectivity can maximise their well-being. 30 We performed correlation analysis among LSNS-6 and different psychological variables, and the results showed that LSNS-6 performed well in the anticipated directions.…”

“…So far, several cross‐regional validations (e.g. Spain, Korea, China and the United States) have operated the various adapted versions of LSNS‐6 and demonstrated supportive results in its ability to measure social networks, especially in non‐English speaking societies 15 . Even so, the utility of the traditional Chinese version of LSNS‐6 in Hong Kong remains questionable and needs investigation.…”