Validation of the alkalinity anomaly technique for investigating calcification of photosynthesis in coral reef communities

Chisholm, John R. M.; Gattuso, Jean‐Pierre

doi:10.4319/lo.1991.36.6.1232

Cited by 225 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Across these studies, calcification rates were determined using one of four methods: alkalinity depletion and buoyant weight techniques, shown in this study to be comparable (Fig. 2), and radioisotope and calcium uptake techniques, also shown to be comparable to alkalinity depletion values by Tambutte et al (1995) and Chisholm and Gattuso (1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of nutrient and CO2 enrichment on the temperate coral Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786)

Holcomb

McCorkle

Cohen

2010

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

148

104

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Zooxanthellate colonies of the scleractinian coral Astrangia poculata were grown under combinations of ambient and elevated nutrients (5 µM NO 3 -, 0.3 µM PO 4 -3 , and 2 nM Fe +2 ) and CO 2 (~780 ppmv) treatments for a period of 6 months. Coral calcification rates, estimated from buoyant weights, were not significantly affected by moderately elevated nutrients at ambient CO 2 and were negatively affected by elevated CO 2 at ambient nutrient levels. However, calcification by corals reared under elevated nutrients combined with elevated CO 2 was not significantly different from that of corals reared under ambient conditions, suggesting that CO 2 enrichment can lead to nutrient limitation in zooxanthellate corals. A conceptual model is proposed to explain how nutrients and CO 2 interact to control zooxanthellate coral calcification. Nutrient limited corals are unable to utilize an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) as nutrients are already limiting growth, thus the effect of elevated CO 2 on saturation state drives the calcification response. Under nutrient replete conditions, corals may have the ability to utilize more DIC, thus the calcification response to CO 2 becomes the product of a negative effect on saturation state and a positive effect on gross carbon fixation, depending upon which dominates, the calcification response can be either positive or negative. This may help explain how the range of coral responses found in different studies of ocean acidification can be obtained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of nutrient and CO2 enrichment on the temperate coral Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786)

Holcomb

McCorkle

Cohen

2010

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

148

104

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“…(f) Determination of calcification rates (G) by the alkalinity anomaly technique The alkalinity anomaly technique was used to estimate rates of calcification using the 2 : 1 stoichiometric relationship between the decrease of A T and the precipitation of CaCO 3 [37]. However, other biogeochemical processes, such as changes in inorganic nutrient concentration can also affect A T [35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcification rates and the effect of ocean acidification on Mediterranean cold-water corals

et al. 2011

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Global environmental changes, including ocean acidification, have been identified as a major threat to scleractinian corals. General predictions are that ocean acidification will be detrimental to reef growth and that 40 to more than 80 per cent of present-day reefs will decline during the next 50 years. Coldwater corals (CWCs) are thought to be strongly affected by changes in ocean acidification owing to their distribution in deep and/or cold waters, which naturally exhibit a CaCO 3 saturation state lower than in shallow/warm waters. Calcification was measured in three species of Mediterranean cold-water scleractinian corals (Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata and Desmophyllum dianthus) on-board research vessels and soon after collection. Incubations were performed in ambient sea water. The species M. oculata was additionally incubated in sea water reduced or enriched in CO 2. At ambient conditions, calcification rates ranged between 20.01 and 0.23% d 21 . Calcification rates of M. oculata under variable partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ) were the same for ambient and elevated pCO 2 (404 and 867 matm) with 0.06 + 0.06% d 21 , while calcification was 0.12 + 0.06% d 21 when pCO 2 was reduced to its pre-industrial level (285 matm). This suggests that present-day CWC calcification in the Mediterranean Sea has already drastically declined (by 50%) as a consequence of anthropogenic-induced ocean acidification.

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“…Chambers were placed in black plastic bins (45L) with lids for darkening and flow-through seawater for temperature control. Rates of calcification were determined with the alkalinity anomaly technique (Chisholm and Gattuso 1991). Calcification rates (in lmol L 21 C h 21 gFW 21 ) and oxygen fluxes (in lg O 2 h 21 gFW 21 ) were calculated in relation to blank incubations and standardized to the fresh weight (FW) of the plants.…”

Section: Calcification and Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcareous green alga H alimeda tolerates ocean acidification conditions at tropical carbon dioxide seeps

et al. 2015

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We investigated ecological, physiological, and skeletal characteristics of the calcifying green alga Halimeda grown at CO 2 seeps (pH total 7.8) and compared them to those at control reefs with ambient CO 2 conditions (pH total 8.1). Six species of Halimeda were recorded at both the high CO 2 and control sites. For the two most abundant species Halimeda digitata and Halimeda opuntia we determined in situ light and dark oxygen fluxes and calcification rates, carbon contents and stable isotope signatures. In both species, rates of calcification in the light increased at the high CO 2 site compared to controls (131% and 41%, respectively). In the dark, calcification was not affected by elevated CO 2 in H. digitata, whereas it was reduced by 167% in H. opuntia, suggesting nocturnal decalcification. Calculated net calcification of both species was similar between seep and control sites, i.e., the observed increased calcification in light compensated for reduced dark calcification. However, inorganic carbon content increased (22%) in H. digitata and decreased (28%) in H. opuntia at the seep site compared to controls. Significantly, lighter carbon isotope signatures of H. digitata and H. opuntia phylloids at high CO 2 (1.01& [parts per thousand] and 1.94&, respectively) indicate increased photosynthetic uptake of CO 2 over HCO 3 2 potentially reducing dissolved inorganic carbon limitation at the seep site. Moreover, H. digitata and H. opuntia specimens transplanted for 14 d from the control to the seep site exhibited similar d 13 C signatures as specimens grown there. These results suggest that the Halimeda spp. investigated can acclimatize and will likely still be capable to grow and calcify in P CO 2 conditions exceeding most pessimistic future CO 2 projections.

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Validation of the alkalinity anomaly technique for investigating calcification of photosynthesis in coral reef communities

Cited by 225 publications

References 11 publications

Long-term effects of nutrient and CO2 enrichment on the temperate coral Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786)

Long-term effects of nutrient and CO2 enrichment on the temperate coral Astrangia poculata (Ellis and Solander, 1786)

Calcification rates and the effect of ocean acidification on Mediterranean cold-water corals

Calcareous green alga H alimeda tolerates ocean acidification conditions at tropical carbon dioxide seeps

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