Validation of the Bullying Scale for Adults - Results of the PRONIA-study

Haidl, Theresa; Schneider, Nicole; Dickmann, Kim; Ruhrmann, Stephan; Kaiser, Nathalie; Rosen, Marlene; Seves, Mauro; Lichtenstein, Thorsten; Upthegrove, Rachel; Salokangas, Raimo K. R.; Pantelis, Christos; Meisenzahl, Eva; Wood, Stephen; Brambilla, Paolo; Borgwardt, Stefan; Lencer, Rebekka; Kambeitz, Joseph; Koutsouleris, Nikolaos; Schultze‐Lutter, Frauke; PRONIA-consortium,

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.04.004

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The COVID-19 Bullying Scale is an 11-item tool specially created for this study to measure bullying behaviors towards COVID-19 patients. In the absence of bullying scales for adults during an infectious disease, the 11 questions were retrieved from four previous studies, three evaluating bullying behaviors and cyberbullying among adolescents (33,38,39), and one study assessing bullying among adults [34]. All items were scored based on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 to 4: 0 = never, 1 = once or twice, 2 = a few times (between 3 and 5), 3 = several times (between 6 and 10), 4 = many times (more than 10).…”

Section: Covid-19 Bullying Scale (Cbs-11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used scale is the Forms of Bullying Scale (FBS), a multi-item, valid, and reliable tool used to assess different forms of bullying victimization and perpetration (33). The only available scale for adults in the literature was the Bullying Scale for Adults (BSA), consisting of 21 items used to measure bullying experiences and activities (34). The BSA has very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and good concurrent validity to assess various aspects of bullying among adults with different mental disorders (34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only available scale for adults in the literature was the Bullying Scale for Adults (BSA), consisting of 21 items used to measure bullying experiences and activities (34). The BSA has very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93) and good concurrent validity to assess various aspects of bullying among adults with different mental disorders (34). The different scales available in the literature did not serve the purposes of our study.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The different scales available in the literature did not serve the purposes of our study. For example, they measure speci c aspects among speci c populations (such as victimization (35,36) or victimization and perpetration among adolescents (33)), and some are long with a large number of items (36); the only scale for adults (BSA) was used among psychotic patients (34).…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19-Related Bullying in a Sample of Lebanese Adults: Scale Validation, Correlates, and Mediating Effect of Fear and Anxiety

Haddad

Sacre

Malhab

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to prolonged exposure to stress and anxiety, raising concerns about a large spectrum of psychological side effects. The primary objective of the study was to validate the COVID-19 Bullying Scale (CBS-11). The second objective was to explore factors associated with COVID-19-related bullying and evaluate the mediating effect of fear and anxiety between knowledge and COVID-19-related bullying.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey conducted between December 20, 2020, and January 5, 2021, involved 405 Lebanese adults recruited using the snowball sampling technique. The CBS-11, an 11-item tool specially created for this study, was used to measure bullying behaviors towards COVID-19 patients.Results: All items of CBS-11 converged over a 1-factor solution with an eigenvalue over 1, accounting for a variance of 75.16%. The scale has a high Cronbach’s alpha (0.974), indicating excellent reliability. A positive correlation was found between the COVID-19 bullying scale and fear, anxiety, and stigma discrimination. The logistic regression showed that higher fear of COVID-19 (ORa=1.04), a positive attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures and hygiene recommendations (ORa=1.18), higher stigma discrimination scores (ORa=1.09), and having a health professional family member (ORa=2.42) were significantly associated with bullying. Conclusion: Our main findings show that CBS-11 could be an efficient tool to measure bullying behaviors toward COVID-19 patients. Stigma discrimination and fear from COVID-19 were associated with higher bullying attitudes. Future prospective studies are needed to understand better the factors related to bullying among adults during a pandemic, such as COVID-19.

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Section: Covid-19 Bullying Scale (Cbs-11)mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19-Related Bullying in a Sample of Lebanese Adults: Scale Validation, Correlates, and Mediating Effect of Fear and Anxiety

Haddad

Sacre

Malhab

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most commonly used scale is the Forms of Bullying Scale (FBS), a multi-item, valid, and reliable tool used to assess different forms of bullying victimization and perpetration [ 34 ]. The only available scale for adults in the literature was the Bullying Scale for Adults (BSA), consisting of 21 items used to measure bullying experiences and activities [ 35 ]. The BSA has very good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .93) and good concurrent validity to assess various aspects of bullying among adults with different mental disorders [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of COVID-19-related bullying in a sample of Lebanese adults: scale validation, correlates, and mediating effect of fear and anxiety

Haddad

Sacre²,

Malhab³

et al. 2021

BMC Psychol

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to prolonged exposure to stress and anxiety, raising concerns about a large spectrum of psychological side effects. The primary objective of the study was to validate the COVID-19 Bullying Scale (CBS-11). The second objective was to explore factors associated with COVID-19-related bullying and evaluate the mediating effect of fear and anxiety between knowledge and COVID-19-related bullying. Methods A cross-sectional online survey conducted between December 20, 2020, and January 5, 2021, recruited 405 Lebanese adults using a snowball sampling technique. The CBS-11, an 11-item tool specifically created for this study, was used to measure bullying behaviors towards COVID-19 patients. Results All items of the CBS-11 converged over a 1-factor solution with an eigenvalue over 1, accounting for a variance of 75.16%. The scale has a high Cronbach’s alpha (.974), indicating excellent reliability. A positive correlation was found between the COVID-19 bullying scale and fear, anxiety, and stigma discrimination. The logistic regression showed that higher fear of COVID-19 (ORa = 1.04), a positive attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures and hygiene recommendations (ORa = 1.18), higher stigma discrimination scores (ORa = 1.09), and having a health professional family member (ORa = 2.42) were significantly associated with bullying. Conclusion Our main findings showed that the CBS-11 could be an efficient tool to measure bullying behaviors toward COVID-19 patients. Stigma discrimination and fear from COVID-19 were associated with higher bullying attitudes. Future prospective studies are needed to understand better the factors related to bullying among adults during a pandemic, such as COVID-19.

show abstract

Social defeat and psychosis-related outcomes: Associative and experimental tests related to the nature of defeat, specificity of outcomes, and psychosis-proneness

Shovestul,

Scharf,

Liu

et al. 2023

Psychiatry Research Communications

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Validation of the Bullying Scale for Adults - Results of the PRONIA-study

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19-Related Bullying in a Sample of Lebanese Adults: Scale Validation, Correlates, and Mediating Effect of Fear and Anxiety

A Cross-Sectional Study of COVID-19-Related Bullying in a Sample of Lebanese Adults: Scale Validation, Correlates, and Mediating Effect of Fear and Anxiety

A cross-sectional study of COVID-19-related bullying in a sample of Lebanese adults: scale validation, correlates, and mediating effect of fear and anxiety

Social defeat and psychosis-related outcomes: Associative and experimental tests related to the nature of defeat, specificity of outcomes, and psychosis-proneness

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