Validation of the Components and Elements of Computational Thinking for Teaching and Learning Programming using the Fuzzy Delphi Method

Abstract

Computational Thinking is a phrase employed to explain the developing concentration on students' knowledge development regarding designing computational clarifications to problems, algorithmic Thinking, and coding. The difficulty of learning computer programming is a challenge for students and teachers. Students' ability in programming is closely related to their problem-solving skills and their cognitive abilities. Even though computational thinking is a problem-solving skill in the 21st century, its use for programming needs to be planned systematically taken into account the appropriate components and elements. Therefore, this study aims to validate the main components and elements of computational thinking for solving problems in programming. At the beginning of the study, researchers conducted a literature review to determine the components and the elements of computational thinking that could be used in teaching and learning programming. This validation involved the consensus of a group of experts using the Fuzzy Delphi method. The data were analysed using the Fuzzy Delphi technique, where the experts individually evaluated the components and elements agreed upon prior discussion. A group of experts consisting of 15 people validated 14 components and 35 elements. The results showed that all components and elements reached a threshold (d) value of less than 0.2, a percentage of agreement exceeded 75%, and the Fuzzy score (A) exceeded 0.5. The finding indicates that the main components and elements of the proposed computational thinking are suitable for problemsolving approaches in programming.

Coding and Computational Thinking Learning for Vocational Students: Issues and Challenges

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“…Challenges and difficulties are identified through studies in programming [3]- [7]. Among the challenges in programming are high cognitive workload [1][8], inappropriate learning strategies, time constraints, and lack of preparation before entering the classroom [2] [9]. Novice students with limited knowledge need a strategy or method to help them in programming [10] [11].…”

¿Cómo formar al profesorado en pensamiento computacional? Validación del Modelo 5PC

“…Programación: consiste en elaborar algoritmos para que puedan ser ejecutados por un programa, de acuerdo con Mohd et al (2021).…”

“…• Experimentar y retocar. Probar algo nuevo a través de la exploración y experimentación, según Mohd et al (2021). Se trata de llegar a soluciones a través de un proceso de ensayo y error.…”