Validation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Pharmacists

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to 1) determine the validity of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) for use in the assessment of burnout in a sample of pharmacists using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and 2) use the CBI items and other measures of work-life to assess burnout in pharmacists employed in various types of practice. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to a sample of 2,582 pharmacists in a single Midwestern US state. The survey included the three subscales of the CBI, each of which measures personal, work-related, and patient-related dimensions of burnout. Other items included demographics, practice type, workload, and work-life balance. CFA was used to measure fit, and Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess reliability. Correlation was used to assess criterion validity of the CBI. Logistic regression and bivariate analyses were used to assess pharmacist burnout based on demographics. Results: Following the removal of 2 items from the measurement model, a 17-item 3-factor CBI was found to possess satisfactory psychometric properties for use in pharmacists. The CBI correlated with measures of work-life demonstrating criterion validity. A logistic regression showed that younger pharmacists and community pharmacists experience higher burnout than older pharmacists and clinical pharmacists. Community pharmacists also more often reported high workloads and poorer work-life integration. Both community and clinic pharmacists desired more time providing patient care services and less time dispensing. Conclusion: The CBI is a psychometrically reliable and valid instrument for assessing burnout in pharmacists. Younger pharmacists and community pharmacists warrant attention due to their higher degree of burnout.

Feeling the burn in the era of COVID-19: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Copenhagen Burnout inventory among community pharmacists

“…Similarly, CPs with limited work experience suffered from a higher level of burnout. This trend is consistent with the ndings of a study conducted among pharmacists in the United States [63]. Such a result could be explained by the fact that older CPs learned from their life experience and previous encounters with stressful events how to anticipate, cope and prepare for potentially tough situations.…”

Are pharmacists well equipped to deal with global health emergencies? Burnout during COVID-19

“…[ 25 ] A study published in 2021 also confirms its validity and reliability as an instrument to assess burnout in pharmacists in different practice settings. [ 26 ] Since little is known about pharmacists’ burnout in Kuwait and the Eastern Mediterranean region, this study may provide novel data. These data are imperative to guide the development of support strategies to empower pharmacists and other healthcare workers to face these challenging global health crises.…”

“…This is consistent with a previously published study that showed that the incidence of burnout in healthcare employees appears more in 30- to 40 years old and in those who are in their early career. [ 5 , 26 , 28 , 30 ] This suggests that age is a protective measure against burnout. This could be explained by the fact that older pharmacists manage difficult situations better than their younger counterparts as their previous exposure to stressful situations increases their ability to deal with them.…”

“…This gave them a sense of dissatisfaction and a feeling that their skills were underused. [ 26 ] In Kuwait, clinical pharmacists working in general public hospitals were asked to relocate to the main pharmacy and shift their services to dispensing during the pandemic, possibly in an effort to minimize numbers of staff on wards to avoid risks of COVID infection. This could explain the higher burnout score in pharmacists in general hospitals.…”

Use of the Professional Fulfillment Index in Pharmacists: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

“…For instance, pharmacists at community pharmacies reported the lowest average professional fulfillment and highest average work exhaustion and interpersonal disengagement compared to pharmacists in other work settings. This could be due to the increased demand for dispensing and prescription management services, such that community pharmacists are taking less time than they desire to provide more patient care [36,37]. While this comparison suggests an inverse relationship between professional fulfillment and burnout, other research suggests that the absence of burnout does not necessarily lead directly to professional fulfillment [7].…”